Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) are a group of growth factors also known as cytokines and as metabologens.[1] Originally discovered by their ability to induce the formation of bone and cartilage, BMPs are now considered to constitute a group of pivotal morphogenetic signals, orchestrating tissue architecture throughout the body.[2] The important functioning of BMP signals in physiology is emphasized by the multitude of roles for dysregulated BMP signalling in pathological processes. Cancerous disease often involves misregulation of the BMP signalling system. Absence of BMP signalling is, for instance, an important factor in the progression of colon cancer,[3] and conversely, overactivation of BMP signalling following reflux-induced esophagitis provokes Barrett's esophagus and is thus instrumental in the development of esophageal adenocarcinoma.[4]
Recombinant human BMPs (rhBMPs) are used in orthopedic applications such as spinal fusions, nonunions, and oral surgery. rhBMP-2 and rhBMP-7 are Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved for some uses. rhBMP-2 causes more overgrown bone than any other BMPs and is widely used off-label.
^Reddi AH, Reddi A (2009). "Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs): from morphogens to metabologens". Cytokine & Growth Factor Reviews. 20 (5–6): 341–2. doi:10.1016/j.cytogfr.2009.10.015. PMID 19900831.
^Bleuming SA, He XC, Kodach LL, Hardwick JC, Koopman FA, Ten Kate FJ, van Deventer SJ, Hommes DW, Peppelenbosch MP, Offerhaus GJ, Li L, van den Brink GR (Sep 2007). "Bone morphogenetic protein signaling suppresses tumorigenesis at gastric epithelial transition zones in mice". Cancer Research. 67 (17): 8149–55. doi:10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-06-4659. PMID 17804727.
^Kodach LL, Wiercinska E, de Miranda NF, Bleuming SA, Musler AR, Peppelenbosch MP, Dekker E, van den Brink GR, van Noesel CJ, Morreau H, Hommes DW, Ten Dijke P, Offerhaus GJ, Hardwick JC (May 2008). "The bone morphogenetic protein pathway is inactivated in the majority of sporadic colorectal cancers". Gastroenterology. 134 (5): 1332–41. doi:10.1053/j.gastro.2008.02.059. PMID 18471510.
^Milano F, van Baal JW, Buttar NS, Rygiel AM, de Kort F, DeMars CJ, Rosmolen WD, Bergman JJ, VAn Marle J, Wang KK, Peppelenbosch MP, Krishnadath KK (Jun 2007). "Bone morphogenetic protein 4 expressed in esophagitis induces a columnar phenotype in esophageal squamous cells". Gastroenterology. 132 (7): 2412–21. doi:10.1053/j.gastro.2007.03.026. PMID 17570215.
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Bonemorphogeneticproteins (BMPs) are a group of growth factors also known as cytokines and as metabologens. Originally discovered by their ability to...
Bonemorphogeneticprotein 2 or BMP-2 belongs to the TGF-β superfamily of proteins. BMP-2 like other bonemorphogeneticproteins, plays an important role...
Bonemorphogeneticprotein 7 or BMP7 (also known as osteogenic protein-1 or OP-1) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the BMP7 gene. The protein...
Bonemorphogeneticprotein 8B is a protein that in humans is encoded by the BMP8B gene. The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the TGF-β superfamily...
Bonemorphogeneticprotein 6 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the BMP6 gene. The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the TGFβ superfamily...
Bonemorphogeneticprotein 10 (BMP10) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the BMP10 gene. BMP10 is a polypeptide belonging to the TGF-β superfamily...
Bonemorphogeneticprotein 1, also known as BMP1, is a protein which in humans is encoded by the BMP1 gene. There are seven isoforms of the protein created...
Bonemorphogeneticprotein 5 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the BMP5 gene. The protein encoded by this gene is member of the TGFβ superfamily...
Bonemorphogeneticprotein 3, also known as osteogenin, is a protein in humans that is encoded by the BMP3 gene. The protein encoded by this gene is a...
Bonemorphogeneticprotein 8A (BMP8A) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the BMP8A gene. BMP8A is a polypeptide member of the TGFβ superfamily of...
Bonemorphogeneticprotein 15 (BMP-15) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the BMP15 gene. It is involved in folliculogenesis, the process in which...
The bonemorphogeneticprotein receptor, type IA also known as BMPR1A is a protein which in humans is encoded by the BMPR1A gene. BMPR1A has also been...
Bonemorphogeneticprotein receptor type-1B also known as CDw293 (cluster of differentiation w293) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the BMPR1B...
Bonemorphogeneticprotein receptor type II or BMPR2 is a serine/threonine receptor kinase encoded by the BMPR2 gene. It binds bonemorphogenetic proteins...
component in the coupling of bone formation and its resorption during bone remodeling. Bonemorphogeneticproteins (BMPs) are proteins that are made of acidic...
bind to the bonemorphogeneticprotein receptor type II (BMPR2). Some of the proteins of the BMP family are BMP4 and BMP7. BMP4 promotes bone formation...
screening-selected gene aberrative in neuroblastoma) family of bonemorphogeneticprotein (BMP) antagonists. Sclerostin is produced primarily by the osteocyte...
heterotopic ossification of muscles, tendons and ligaments. It is a bonemorphogeneticprotein receptor, type 1. Activins are dimeric growth and differentiation...
folds. Molecules such as Wnt, fibroblast growth factor (FGF) and bonemorphogeneticprotein (BMP) provide signals which induce the progenitor cells to become...
particularly expedient for the simulation of 3D cellular automatons. Bonemorphogeneticprotein Collective cell migration Embryonic development Pattern formation...
receptors are of this type. Serine/threonine-specific protein kinase, as in bonemorphogeneticprotein Guanylate cyclase, as in atrial natriuretic factor...
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