Moxonidine information

Moxonidine
Clinical data
Pronunciation	/mɒkˈsɒnɪdiːn/
Trade names	Physiotens, Moxon
AHFS/Drugs.com	International Drug Names
Pregnancy; category	AU: B3; ;
Routes of; administration	Oral (tablets)
ATC code	C02AC05 (WHO) ;
Legal status
Legal status	UK: POM (Prescription only); In general: ℞ (Prescription only);
Pharmacokinetic data
Bioavailability	88% (Tmax = 1 hour)
Protein binding	7.2–10%
Metabolism	Liver (10–20%)
Metabolites	Dehydrogenated moxonidine (major), hydroxymethyl-moxonidine, hydroxy-moxonidine, dihydroxy-moxonidine
Elimination half-life	~2.2–2.8 hours
Excretion	Renal (90%), feces (~1%)
Identifiers
	IUPAC name 4-Chloro-N-(4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-yl)-; 6-methoxy-2-methylpyrimidin-5-amine;
CAS Number	75438-57-2 ;
PubChem CID	4810;
ChemSpider	4645 ;
UNII	CC6X0L40GW;
KEGG	D05087 ;
ChEMBL	ChEMBL19236 ;
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)	DTXSID5045170 ;
ECHA InfoCard	100.158.061
Chemical and physical data
Formula	C9H12ClN5O
Molar mass	241.68 g·mol−1
3D model (JSmol)	Interactive image;
	SMILES Clc1nc(C)nc(OC)c1NC2=NCCN2;
	InChI InChI=1S/C9H12ClN5O/c1-5-13-7(10)6(8(14-5)16-2)15-9-11-3-4-12-9/h3-4H2,1-2H3,(H2,11,12,15) ; Key:WPNJAUFVNXKLIM-UHFFFAOYSA-N ;
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Moxonidine (INN) is a new-generation alpha-2/imidazoline receptor agonist antihypertensive drug licensed for the treatment of mild to moderate essential hypertension.^[5]^[6] It may have a role when thiazides, beta-blockers, ACE inhibitors, and calcium channel blockers are not appropriate or have failed to control blood pressure. In addition, it demonstrates favourable effects on parameters of the insulin resistance syndrome, apparently independent of blood pressure reduction. It is also a growth hormone releaser.^[7] It is manufactured by Solvay Pharmaceuticals (acquired by Abbott in 2009) under the brand name Physiotens and Moxon.

^ Weimann HJ, Rudolph M (1992). "Clinical Pharmacokinetics of Moxonidine". Journal of Cardiovascular Pharmacology. 20 (Suppl. 4): S37–S41. doi:10.1097/00005344-199220004-00008.
^ ^a ^b ^c "Physiotens Tablets (moxonidine) Product Information" (PDF). Abbott Australasia Pty Ltd, 32-34 Lord Street, Botany NSW 2019, Australia. Retrieved 1 September 2016.
^ He MM, Abraham TL, Lindsay TJ, Schaefer HC, Pouliquen IJ, Payne C, et al. (March 2003). "Metabolism and disposition of the antihypertensive agent moxonidine in humans". Drug Metabolism and Disposition. 31 (3): 334–342. doi:10.1124/dmd.31.3.334. PMID 12584161.
^ Farsang, C (2001). "Moxonidine: Clinical Profile" (PDF). Journal of Clinical and Basic Cardiology. An Independent International Scientific Journal. 4 (3): 197–299. Retrieved 1 September 2016.
^ Fenton C, Keating GM, Lyseng-Williamson KA (2006). "Moxonidine: a review of its use in essential hypertension". Drugs. 66 (4): 477–496. doi:10.2165/00003495-200666040-00006. PMID 16597164. S2CID 195691757.
^ Fairbanks CA, Wilcox GL (July 1999). "Moxonidine, a selective alpha2-adrenergic and imidazoline receptor agonist, produces spinal antinociception in mice". The Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics. 290 (1): 403–412. PMID 10381806.
^ Bamberger CM, Mönig H, Mill G, Gödde E, Schulte HM (1995). "Growth hormone secretion in response to the new centrally acting antihypertensive agent moxonidine in normal human subjects: comparison to clonidine and GHRH". Experimental and Clinical Endocrinology & Diabetes. 103 (3): 205–208. doi:10.1055/s-0029-1211351. PMID 7584524.

[1] Weimann HJ, Rudolph M (1992). "Clinical Pharmacokinetics of Moxonidine". Journal of Cardiovascular Pharmacology. 20 (Suppl. 4): S37–S41. doi:10.1097/00005344-199220004-00008.

[Physiotens_PI-2] "Physiotens Tablets (moxonidine) Product Information" (PDF). Abbott Australasia Pty Ltd, 32-34 Lord Street, Botany NSW 2019, Australia. Retrieved 1 September 2016.

[3] He MM, Abraham TL, Lindsay TJ, Schaefer HC, Pouliquen IJ, Payne C, et al. (March 2003). "Metabolism and disposition of the antihypertensive agent moxonidine in humans". Drug Metabolism and Disposition. 31 (3): 334–342. doi:10.1124/dmd.31.3.334. PMID 12584161.

[4] Farsang, C (2001). "Moxonidine: Clinical Profile" (PDF). Journal of Clinical and Basic Cardiology. An Independent International Scientific Journal. 4 (3): 197–299. Retrieved 1 September 2016.

[Monox-5] Fenton C, Keating GM, Lyseng-Williamson KA (2006). "Moxonidine: a review of its use in essential hypertension". Drugs. 66 (4): 477–496. doi:10.2165/00003495-200666040-00006. PMID 16597164. S2CID 195691757.

[pmid10381806-6] Fairbanks CA, Wilcox GL (July 1999). "Moxonidine, a selective alpha2-adrenergic and imidazoline receptor agonist, produces spinal antinociception in mice". The Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics. 290 (1): 403–412. PMID 10381806.

[7] Bamberger CM, Mönig H, Mill G, Gödde E, Schulte HM (1995). "Growth hormone secretion in response to the new centrally acting antihypertensive agent moxonidine in normal human subjects: comparison to clonidine and GHRH". Experimental and Clinical Endocrinology & Diabetes. 103 (3): 205–208. doi:10.1055/s-0029-1211351. PMID 7584524.

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