Amitriptyline, sold under the brand name Elavil among others, is a tricyclic antidepressant primarily used to treat major depressive disorder, a variety of pain syndromes such as neuropathic pain, fibromyalgia, migraine and tension headaches.[12] Due to the frequency and prominence of side effects, amitriptyline is generally considered a
second-line therapy for these indications.[13][14][15][16]
The most common side effects are dry mouth, drowsiness, dizziness, constipation, and weight gain. Glaucoma, liver toxicity and abnormal heart rhythms are rare but serious side effects. Blood levels of amitriptyline vary significantly from one person to another,[17] and amitriptyline interacts with many other medications potentially aggravating its side effects.
Amitriptyline was discovered in the late 1950s by scientists at Merck and approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in 1961.[18] It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines.[19] It is available as a generic medication.[20] In 2021, it was the 107th most commonly prescribed medication in the United States, with more than 5million prescriptions.[21][22]
^"Amitriptyline". Oxford Dictionary. Archived from the original on 14 July 2014. Retrieved 6 January 2021 – via Lexico.com.
^"Amitriptyline Use During Pregnancy". Drugs.com. 2 September 2020. Archived from the original on 9 November 2020. Retrieved 13 September 2020.
^"FDA-sourced list of all drugs with black box warnings (Use Download Full Results and View Query links.)". nctr-crs.fda.gov. FDA. Retrieved 22 October 2023.
^Anvisa (31 March 2023). "RDC Nº 784 - Listas de Substâncias Entorpecentes, Psicotrópicas, Precursoras e Outras sob Controle Especial" [Collegiate Board Resolution No. 784 - Lists of Narcotic, Psychotropic, Precursor, and Other Substances under Special Control] (in Brazilian Portuguese). Diário Oficial da União (published 4 April 2023). Archived from the original on 3 August 2023. Retrieved 16 August 2023.
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^Blessel KW, Rudy BC, Senkowski BZ (1974). "Amitriptyline Hydrochloride". Analytical Profiles of Drug Substances. 3: 127–148. doi:10.1016/S0099-5428(08)60066-0. ISBN 9780122608032.
^"Amitriptyline Tablets BP 50mg – Summary of Product Characteristics (SPC)". electronic Medicines Compendium. Actavis UK Ltd. 24 March 2013. Archived from the original on 3 December 2013. Retrieved 1 December 2013.
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^Tfelt-Hansen P, Ågesen FN, Pavbro A, Tfelt-Hansen J (May 2017). "Pharmacokinetic Variability of Drugs Used for Prophylactic Treatment of Migraine". CNS Drugs. 31 (5): 389–403. doi:10.1007/s40263-017-0430-3. PMID 28405886. S2CID 23560743.
^Fangmann P, Assion HJ, Juckel G, González CA, López-Muñoz F (February 2008). "Half a century of antidepressant drugs: on the clinical introduction of monoamine oxidase inhibitors, tricyclics, and tetracyclics. Part II: tricyclics and tetracyclics". Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology. 28 (1): 1–4. doi:10.1097/jcp.0b013e3181627b60. PMID 18204333. S2CID 31018835.
^Organization WH (2021). World Health Organization model list of essential medicines: 22nd list (2021). Geneva: World Health Organization. hdl:10665/345533. WHO/MHP/HPS/EML/2021.02.
^"Amitriptyline Hydrochloride". Drugs.com. The American Society of Health-System Pharmacists. Archived from the original on 24 September 2014. Retrieved 25 September 2014.
^"The Top 300 of 2021". ClinCalc. Archived from the original on 15 January 2024. Retrieved 14 January 2024.
^"Amitriptyline - Drug Usage Statistics". ClinCalc. Retrieved 14 January 2024.
Amitriptyline, sold under the brand name Elavil among others, is a tricyclic antidepressant primarily used to treat major depressive disorder, a variety...
Amitriptylinoxide (brand names Amioxid, Ambivalon, Equilibrin), or amitriptyline N-oxide, is a tricyclic antidepressant (TCA) which was introduced in...
different from the backbone of the TCA amitriptyline. Merck introduced the second member of the TCA family, amitriptyline (Elavil), in 1961. This compound has...
contains Amitriptyline hydrochloride and Perphenazine. It is sold in the following forms: Minitran 2-10: 2 mg Perphenazine and 10 mg Amitriptyline hydrochloride...
injectable potassium chloride, amitriptyline sedative pills, and the injectable pain medication morphine. She obtained the amitriptyline from a local pharmacy...
2015 Cochrane systematic review of amitriptyline found that there was no evidence supporting the use of amitriptyline that did not possess inherent bias...
associated with tricyclic antidepressants, particularly dothiepin and amitriptyline. It was determined there were 5.3 deaths per 100,000 prescriptions....
but the evidence supporting its use is not very strong. Gabapentin or amitriptyline may be used to treat some of the symptoms. In 2017, the United States...
antagonism of all sites). Nortriptyline is an active metabolite of amitriptyline by demethylation in the liver. Chemically, it is a secondary amine dibenzocycloheptene...
the first TCA to be marketed. Imipramine and the other TCAs (besides amitriptyline, which, at least in the U.K., remains at least just as commonly-prescribed...
stress. Medications may include ibuprofen, pentosan polysulfate, or amitriptyline. Procedures may include bladder distention, nerve stimulation, or surgery...
Alimemazine (a phenothiazine used as antipruritic, antiemetic and sedative) Amitriptyline (tricyclic antidepressant) Amoxapine (tricyclic antidepressant) Aripiprazole...
systematic review noted that tricyclic antidepressants (imipramine and amitriptyline), traditional anticonvulsants and opioids have better efficacy than...
include amitriptyline, nortriptyline, and butriptyline. Protriptyline is a secondary amine TCA, with its N-methylated relative amitriptyline being a tertiary...
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