Propranolol, sold under the brand name Inderal among others, is a medication of the beta blocker class.[2] It is used to treat high blood pressure, a number of types of irregular heart rate, thyrotoxicosis, capillary hemangiomas, performance anxiety, and essential tremors,[2][3][4] as well to prevent migraine headaches, and to prevent further heart problems in those with angina or previous heart attacks.[2] It can be taken orally (by mouth) or by intravenous injection (injection into a vein).[2] The formulation that is taken orally (by mouth) comes in short-acting and long-acting versions.[2] Propranolol appears in the blood after 30 minutes and has a maximum effect between 60 and 90 minutes when taken orally.[2][5]
Common side effects include nausea, abdominal pain, and constipation.[2] It may worsen the symptoms of asthma.[2] Propranolol may cause harmful effects for the baby if taken during pregnancy.[6] Its use during breastfeeding is probably safe.[7] It is a non-selective beta blocker which works by blocking β-adrenergic receptors.[2]
Propranolol was patented in 1962 and approved for medical use in 1964.[8] It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines.[9] Propranolol is available as a generic medication.[2] In 2021, it was the 91st most commonly prescribed medication in the United States, with more than 7million prescriptions.[10][11]
^"FDA-sourced list of all drugs with black box warnings (Use Download Full Results and View Query links.)". nctr-crs.fda.gov. FDA. Retrieved 22 October 2023.
^ abcdefghij"Propranolol hydrochloride". Monograph. The American Society of Health-System Pharmacists. Archived from the original on 1 January 2015. Retrieved 1 January 2015.
^Davidson JR (2006). "Pharmacotherapy of social anxiety disorder: what does the evidence tell us?". The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry. 67 (Suppl 12): 20–26. doi:10.1016/j.genhosppsych.2005.07.002. PMID 17092192.
^Chinnadurai S, Fonnesbeck C, Snyder KM, Sathe NA, Morad A, Likis FE, McPheeters ML (February 2016). "Pharmacologic Interventions for Infantile Hemangioma: A Meta-analysis" (PDF). Pediatrics. 137 (2): e20153896. doi:10.1542/peds.2015-3896. PMID 26772662. S2CID 30459652.
^Bryson PD (1997). Comprehensive review in toxicology for emergency clinicians (3 ed.). Washington, DC: Taylor & Francis. p. 167. ISBN 9781560326120. Archived from the original on 24 March 2017.
^"Prescribing medicines in pregnancy database". Australian Government. 3 March 2014. Archived from the original on 8 April 2014. Retrieved 22 April 2014.
^Briggs GG, Freeman RK, Yaffe SJ (2011). Drugs in pregnancy and lactation: a reference guide to fetal and neonatal risk (9th ed.). Philadelphia: Wolters Kluwer Health/Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. p. 1226. ISBN 9781608317080. Archived from the original on 14 February 2017.
^Fischer J, Ganellin CR (2006). Analogue-based Drug Discovery. John Wiley & Sons. p. 460. ISBN 9783527607495.
^World Health Organization (2019). World Health Organization model list of essential medicines: 21st list 2019. Geneva: World Health Organization. hdl:10665/325771. WHO/MVP/EMP/IAU/2019.06. License: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO.
^"The Top 300 of 2021". ClinCalc. Archived from the original on 15 January 2024. Retrieved 14 January 2024.
^"Propranolol - Drug Usage Statistics". ClinCalc. Retrieved 14 January 2024.
Propranolol, sold under the brand name Inderal among others, is a medication of the beta blocker class. It is used to treat high blood pressure, a number...
James Black synthesized the first clinically significant beta blockers—propranolol and pronethalol; it revolutionized the medical management of angina pectoris...
patient, with every case being different. Oral beta blockers such as propranolol or atenolol have been used since 2008 and are the first-line treatment...
therapeutic benefits. Propranolol is occasionally prescribed off-label to treat performance anxiety. As a beta-blocker drug, Propranolol prevents the adrenaline...
alcohol), imipramine, insulin, lidocaine, midazolam, morphine, pethidine, propranolol, and tetrahydrocannabinol (THC). First-pass metabolism is not to be confused...
sustained-release formulation.[medical citation needed] Propranolol. The addition of isosorbide mononitrate to propranolol treatment in patients with cirrhosis and portal...
a familial benign essential tremor. Later in his career he also took propranolol, a beta blocker, to cope with the effects of his alcohol consumption...
spelling from propanol by a single letter and is a different compound. Propranolol is a drug used for reducing blood pressure and hand tremors. This set...
in the medical literature of successful treatment with beta blockers (propranolol 10 mg), with significant reduction in the frequency of spontaneous blood...
trazodone, benzatropine, cyproheptadine, and beta blockers, particularly propranolol. The term was first used by Czech neuropsychiatrist Ladislav Haškovec...
these rats when presented with tones they had been conditioned to fear. Propranolol is a blocker for the beta-adrenergic receptors in the amygdala which...
comes with propranolol—which has two roles in the treatment of hyperthyroidism, determined by the different isomers of propranolol. L-propranolol causes beta-blockade...
which reduce portal pressures. Non-selective beta blockers (such as propranolol and nadolol) have been used to decrease the pressure of the portal vein...
a range of medications used for this purpose, other options include propranolol, topiramate, valproic acid, cyproheptadine and amitriptyline. While pizotifen...
antagonists are propranolol and phentolamine. Phentolamine is a competitive and nonselective α-adrenoreceptor antagonist. Propranolol is a β-adrenoreceptor...
RJ, Williams GH, Levine BD (August 2011). "Exercise training versus propranolol in the treatment of the postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome". Hypertension...
by these agents. (Also noteworthy is that a few class II agents like propranolol also have a membrane stabilizing effect.) Class I agents are divided...
or unchanged No change found for paracetamol, oxazepam, temazepam, or propranolol. Decreased clearance found for codeine-6-glucuronide, and decreased unbound...
thalidomide, temozolimide, propranolol, interferon, and bevacizumab can be used to combat intracranial hemangioma. Propranolol is the most common treatment...
other drugs are compared. Morphine is the prototype of opioid analgesics Propranolol is the prototype of the beta blockers Chlorpromazine is the prototypical...
Commonly prescribed prophylactic medications include beta blockers like propranolol, anticonvulsants like sodium valproate, antidepressants like amitriptyline...
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