The cystatins are a family of cysteine protease inhibitors which share a sequence homology and a common tertiary structure of an alpha helix lying on top of an anti-parallel beta sheet. The family is subdivided as described below.
Cystatins show similarity to fetuins, kininogens, histidine-rich glycoproteins and cystatin-related proteins.[2][3][4]
Cystatins mainly inhibit peptidase enzymes (another term for proteases) belonging to peptidase families C1 (papain family) and C13 (legumain family). They are known to mis-fold to form amyloid deposits and are implicated in several diseases.[citation needed]
^Salát J, Paesen GC, Rezácová P, Kotsyfakis M, Kovárová Z, Sanda M, et al. (July 2010). "Crystal structure and functional characterization of an immunomodulatory salivary cystatin from the soft tick Ornithodoros moubata". The Biochemical Journal. 429 (1): 103–112. doi:10.1042/BJ20100280. PMC 3523712. PMID 20545626.; rendered with PyMOL
^Rawlings ND, Barrett AJ (January 1990). "Evolution of proteins of the cystatin superfamily". Journal of Molecular Evolution. 30 (1): 60–71. Bibcode:1990JMolE..30...60R. doi:10.1007/BF02102453. PMID 2107324. S2CID 33504413.
^Abrahamson M, Alvarez-Fernandez M, Nathanson CM (2003). "Cystatins". Biochemical Society Symposium. 70 (70): 179–199. doi:10.1042/bss0700179. PMID 14587292.
^Turk V, Bode W (July 1991). "The cystatins: protein inhibitors of cysteine proteinases". FEBS Letters. 285 (2): 213–219. Bibcode:1991FEBSL.285..213T. doi:10.1016/0014-5793(91)80804-C. PMID 1855589. S2CID 40444629.
Cystatin C or cystatin 3 (formerly gamma trace, post-gamma-globulin, or neuroendocrine basic polypeptide), a protein encoded by the CST3 gene, is mainly...
described below. Cystatins show similarity to fetuins, kininogens, histidine-rich glycoproteins and cystatin-related proteins. Cystatins mainly inhibit...
Cystatin-B is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CSTB gene. The cystatin superfamily encompasses proteins that contain multiple cystatin-like sequences...
Cystatin-A is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CSTA gene. The cystatin superfamily encompasses proteins that contain multiple cystatin-like sequences...
these is cystatin C, a ubiquitous protein secreted by most cells in the body (it is an inhibitor of cysteine protease).[citation needed] Cystatin C is freely...
Hereditary cystatin C amyloid angiopathy (HCCAA) is a rare, fatal type of hereditary cerebral amyloid angiopathy found almost exclusively in Iceland. A...
2-imino-1-methyl-5H-imidazol-4-ol) Creatinine starts to decompose around 300 °C. Cystatin C, novel marker of kidney function Jaffe reaction, an example of creatinine...
Cystatin-SA is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CST2 gene. The cystatin superfamily encompasses proteins that contain multiple cystatin-like...
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Cystatin-9-like is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CST9L gene. The cystatin superfamily encompasses proteins that contain multiple cystatin-like...
National Library of Medicine. Sloane BF (April 1990). "Cathepsin B and cystatins: evidence for a role in cancer progression". Seminars in Cancer Biology...
Northern blot studies showed that cystatin C was produced by all nucleated human cells. The biological function of cystatin C was suggested to be inhibition...
involving other amyloid peptides: the "Icelandic type" is associated with cystatin C amyloid (ACys). the "British type" and "Danish type" are associated with...
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measures, which involve clearance of such substrates as EDTA, iohexol, cystatin C, 125I-iothalamate (sodium radioiothalamate), the chromium radioisotope...
CRYZL1: encoing protein crystallin zeta-like 1 CSTB: encoding protein cystatin-B CXADR: encoding protein coxsackievirus and adenovirus receptor CYYR1:...
diagnosed by checking the levels of several biomarkers such as clusterin and cystatin C. While the duration of ischemia was used as a biomarker, it was found...
Cystatin-11 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CST11 gene. The cystatin superfamily encompasses proteins that contain multiple cystatin-like...
Cystatin-SN is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CST1 gene. The cystatin superfamily encompasses proteins that contain multiple cystatin-like...
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