Hereditary cystatin C amyloid angiopathy information
Medical condition
Hereditary cystatin C amyloid angiopathy
Other names
Hereditary cerebral hemorrhage with amyloidosis
Cystatin C (or cystatin 3) which is involved in this condition
Hereditary cystatin C amyloid angiopathy (HCCAA) is a rare, fatal type of hereditary cerebral amyloid angiopathy found almost exclusively in Iceland. A mutation in the protein cystatin C leads to amyloid (protein aggregate) dispositions in arteries in the brain, resulting in repeated brain hemorrhages.[1][2]
The condition is inherited in an autosomal dominant fashion. All known cases have occurred in Iceland — most can be traced to Breiðafjörður in the northwest of Iceland[3] — with the exception of one patient in the US with a sporadic mutation.[4]
Symptoms are related to brain hemorrhage and include dementia and paralysis. They typically appear in the late teens or early twenties, with the average age of death being around 30.[3] As of 2019, around 20 to 30 carriers are thought to be alive.[5]
^Levy E, Lopez-Otin C, Ghiso J, Geltner D, Frangione B (May 1989). "Stroke in Icelandic patients with hereditary amyloid angiopathy is related to a mutation in the cystatin C gene, an inhibitor of cysteine proteases". J. Exp. Med. 169 (5): 1771–8. doi:10.1084/jem.169.5.1771. PMC 2189307. PMID 2541223.
^Levy, E; Jaskolski, M; Grubb, A (January 2006). "The role of cystatin C in cerebral amyloid angiopathy and stroke: cell biology and animal models". Brain Pathol. 16 (1): 60–70. doi:10.1111/j.1750-3639.2006.tb00562.x. PMC 8095742. PMID 16612983.
E, Jaskolski M, Grubb A (January 2006). "The role of cystatinC in cerebral amyloidangiopathy and stroke: cell biology and animal models". Brain Pathology...
Abrahamson M, Jonsdottir S, Olafsson I, et al. (1992). "HereditarycystatinCamyloidangiopathy: identification of the disease-causing mutation and specific...
Rostagno A, Frangione B, Holton JL (September 2003). "Cerebral amyloidangiopathies: a pathologic, biochemical, and genetic view". Journal of Neuropathology...
features. ADan causes amyloidangiopathy in the cerebrum, choroid plexus, cerebellum, spinal cord, and retinas. Mutations in CystatinC have also been suggested...