Kidney ischemia[1] is a disease with a high morbidity and mortality rate.[2] Blood vessels shrink and undergo apoptosis which results in poor blood flow in the kidneys. More complications happen when failure of the kidney functions result in toxicity in various parts of the body which may cause septic shock, hypovolemia, and a need for surgery.[3] What causes kidney ischemia is not entirely known, but several pathophysiology relating to this disease have been elucidated. Possible causes of kidney ischemia include the activation of IL-17C and hypoxia due to surgery or transplant. Several signs and symptoms include injury to the microvascular endothelium, apoptosis of kidney cells due to overstress in the endoplasmic reticulum, dysfunctions of the mitochondria, autophagy, inflammation of the kidneys, and maladaptive repair.[citation needed]
Kidney ischemia can be diagnosed by checking the levels of several biomarkers such as clusterin and cystatin C. While the duration of ischemia was used as a biomarker, it was found that it has significant flaws in predicting renal function outcomes. More emerging treatments are in the clinical trials such as Bendavia in targeting mitochondrial dysfunction and using Mesenchymal Stem Cell Therapy. Several receptors agonists and antagonists have shown promise in animal studies; however, they have not been proven clinically yet.[citation needed]
^Sharfuddin, Asif A.; Molitoris, Bruce A. (April 16, 2011). "Pathophysiology of ischemic acute kidney injury". Nature Reviews Nephrology. 7 (4): 189–200. doi:10.1038/nrneph.2011.16. PMID 21364518. S2CID 32234965 – via www.nature.com.
^Sharfuddin, Asif A.; Molitoris, Bruce A. (April 2011). "Pathophysiology of ischemic acute kidney injury". Nature Reviews Nephrology. 7 (4): 189–200. doi:10.1038/nrneph.2011.16. ISSN 1759-507X. PMID 21364518. S2CID 32234965.
Kidneyischemia is a disease with a high morbidity and mortality rate. Blood vessels shrink and undergo apoptosis which results in poor blood flow in...
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through its tissues, causing ischemia. The resulting overload can lead to the clogging and the destruction of the kidneys. It is a reperfusion injury that...
(2016). "Mitochondria-Targeted Antioxidants: Future Perspectives in KidneyIschemia Reperfusion Injury". Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity. 2016:...
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in tissue death (ischemia). Risk factors for HN include poorly controlled, moderate-to-severe hypertension, older age, other kidney disorders, and Afro-Caribbean...
The proximal tubule is the segment of the nephron in kidneys which begins from the renal pole of the Bowman's capsule to the beginning of loop of Henle...
pheochromocytoma, deoxycorticosterone- or renin-secreting tumors, and kidneyischemia. Excess consumption of licorice can inhibit 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase...
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kidneys, limbs, and mesentery. ATE can cause life-threatening conditions, such as stroke, myocardial infarction, acute kidney injury, limb ischemia,...
Less common causes include tumor lysis syndrome, seizures, and prolonged ischemia. Diagnosis is based on a blood level of magnesium greater than 1.1 mmol/L...
blood supply and leads to damage of the tissue supplied by that artery (ischemia and necrosis). A piece of either an arterial or a venous thrombus can break...
vocalizations and myoclonus.: 164, 166 Possible causes include cerebral ischemia, extreme hypoxia (inadequate oxygen supply to tissue), or even anoxia (total...
to minimize risk of TIA and stroke. There are three major mechanisms of ischemia in the brain: embolism traveling to the brain, in situ thrombotic occlusion...
coronary heart disease (CHD), ischemic heart disease (IHD), myocardial ischemia, or simply heart disease, involves the reduction of blood flow to the cardiac...
angina', this refers to the classic type of angina related to myocardial ischemia. A typical presentation of stable angina is that of chest discomfort and...
to tissue death (infarction) of the heart muscle (myocardium) caused by ischemia, the lack of oxygen delivery to myocardial tissue. It is a type of acute...
symptoms and in people with ongoing coronary, peripheral or mesenteric ischemia. Terlipressin may cause fetal harm when used during pregnancy. Terlipressin...
improvement of kidney function in patients with hepatorenal syndrome, but has been limited in its use, as it can cause severe ischemia to major organs...
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