Enzyme catalysing the formation of the gasotransmitter NO(nitric oxide)
Nitric-oxide synthase
Human inducible nitric oxide synthase. PDB 1nsi
Identifiers
EC no.
1.14.13.39
CAS no.
125978-95-2
Databases
IntEnz
IntEnz view
BRENDA
BRENDA entry
ExPASy
NiceZyme view
KEGG
KEGG entry
MetaCyc
metabolic pathway
PRIAM
profile
PDB structures
RCSB PDB PDBe PDBsum
Gene Ontology
AmiGO / QuickGO
Search
PMC
articles
PubMed
articles
NCBI
proteins
Nitric oxide synthase, oxygenase domain
Structure of endothelial nitric oxide synthase heme domain.[1]
Identifiers
Symbol
NO_synthase
Pfam
PF02898
InterPro
IPR004030
SCOP2
1nos / SCOPe / SUPFAM
Available protein structures:
Pfam
structures / ECOD
PDB
RCSB PDB; PDBe; PDBj
PDBsum
structure summary
Nitric oxide synthases (EC 1.14.13.39) (NOSs) are a family of enzymes catalyzing the production of nitric oxide (NO) from L-arginine. NO is an important cellular signaling molecule. It helps modulate vascular tone, insulin secretion, airway tone, and peristalsis, and is involved in angiogenesis and neural development. It may function as a retrograde neurotransmitter. Nitric oxide is mediated in mammals by the calcium-calmodulin controlled isoenzymes eNOS (endothelial NOS) and nNOS (neuronal NOS).[2] The inducible isoform, iNOS, involved in immune response, binds calmodulin at physiologically relevant concentrations, and produces NO as an immune defense mechanism, as NO is a free radical with an unpaired electron. It is the proximate cause of septic shock and may function in autoimmune disease.
NOS isoforms catalyze other leak and side reactions, such as superoxide production at the expense of NADPH. As such, this stoichiometry is not generally observed, and reflects the three electrons supplied per NO by NADPH.
Eukaryotic NOS isozymes are catalytically self-sufficient. The electron flow is: NADPH → FAD → FMN → heme → O2. Tetrahydrobiopterin provides an additional electron during the catalytic cycle which is replaced during turnover. Zinc, though not a cofactor, also participates but as a structural element.[4] NOSs are unique in that they use five cofactors and are the only known enzyme that binds flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD), flavin mononucleotide (FMN), heme, tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4) and calmodulin.[citation needed]
^PDB: 3N5P; Delker SL, Xue F, Li H, Jamal J, Silverman RB, Poulos TL (December 2010). "Role of zinc in isoform-selective inhibitor binding to neuronal nitric oxide synthase". Biochemistry. 49 (51): 10803–10. doi:10.1021/bi1013479. PMC 3193998. PMID 21138269.
^Ahmad, Nashrah; Ansari, Mohammad Y.; Haqqi, Tariq M. (October 2020). "Role of iNOS in osteoarthritis: Pathological and therapeutic aspects". Journal of Cellular Physiology. 235 (10): 6366–6376. doi:10.1002/jcp.29607. ISSN 0021-9541. PMC 8404685. PMID 32017079.
^Cite error: The named reference pmid7510950 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^Cortese-Krott M, Kulakov L, Opländer C, Kolb-Bachofen V, Kröncke K, Suschek C (July 2014). "Zinc regulates iNOS-derived nitric oxide formation in endothelial cells". Redox Bio. J. 2014 (2): 945–954. doi:10.1016/j.redox.2014.06.011. PMC 4143817. PMID 25180171.
and 25 Related for: Nitric oxide synthase information
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role remains unclear. In humans, nitricoxide is produced from L-arginine by three enzymes called nitricoxidesynthases (NOS): inducible (iNOS), endothelial...
cells. NO is biosynthesized endogenously from L-arginine by various nitricoxidesynthase (NOS) enzymes. Reduction of inorganic nitrate may also serve to...
(including metabolism of some drugs), gas sensing (guanyl cyclases, nitricoxidesynthase), and microRNA processing (DGCR8). Heme is a coordination complex...
molecules derived from nitricoxide (•NO) and superoxide (O2•−) produced via the enzymatic activity of inducible nitricoxidesynthase 2 (NOS2) and NADPH...
(July 2021). "The Relationship between Myoglobin, Aerobic Capacity, NitricOxideSynthase Activity and Mitochondrial Function in Fish Hearts". Antioxidants...
Nitricoxide synthetase may refer to: NitricoxidesynthaseNitric-oxidesynthase (NAD(P)H-dependent) This set index page lists enzyme articles associated...
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imidazoles, including clotrimazole, are selective inhibitors of nitricoxidesynthase, which makes them interesting drug targets in inflammation, neurodegenerative...
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H, Fandino J, Fathi AR (2015). "Estrogen Induces NitricOxide Production Via NitricOxideSynthase Activation in Endothelial Cells". Neurovascular Events...
production of inducible nitricoxidesynthase (NOS). This allows citrulline, a byproduct of the NOS-catalyzed production of nitricoxide, to be recycled to...
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