Tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4, THB), also known as sapropterin (INN),[5][6] is a cofactor of the three aromatic amino acid hydroxylase enzymes,[7] used in the degradation of amino acid phenylalanine and in the biosynthesis of the neurotransmitters serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT), melatonin, dopamine, norepinephrine (noradrenaline), epinephrine (adrenaline), and is a cofactor for the production of nitric oxide (NO) by the nitric oxide synthases.[8][9] Chemically, its structure is that of a (dihydropteridine reductase) reduced pteridine derivative (quinonoid dihydrobiopterin).[10][citation needed]
^"Sapropterin (Kuvan) Use During Pregnancy". Drugs.com. 17 May 2019. Retrieved 4 March 2020.
^Cite error: The named reference Kuvan CA Product information was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^Cite error: The named reference Kuvan FDA label was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^Cite error: The named reference Kuvan EPAR was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^"Sapropterin". Drugs.com. 28 February 2020. Retrieved 4 March 2020.
^"International Non-proprietary Names for Pharmaceutical Substances (INN)". Fimea. Retrieved 4 March 2020.
^ Cavaleri et al. Blood concentrations of neopterin and biopterin in subjects with depression: A systematic review and meta-analysis Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry 2023. 120:110633. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pnpbp.2022.110633
^Całka J (2006). "The role of nitric oxide in the hypothalamic control of LHRH and oxytocin release, sexual behavior and aging of the LHRH and oxytocin neurons". Folia Histochemica et Cytobiologica. 44 (1): 3–12. PMID 16584085.
^Bhagavan NV (2015). Essentials of Medical Biochemistry With Clinical Cases, 2nd Edition. USA: Elsevier. p. 256. ISBN 978-0-12-416687-5.
and 23 Related for: Tetrahydrobiopterin information
Tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4, THB), also known as sapropterin (INN), is a cofactor of the three aromatic amino acid hydroxylase enzymes, used in the degradation...
Tetrahydrobiopterin deficiency (THBD, BH4D) is a rare metabolic disorder that increases the blood levels of phenylalanine. Phenylalanine is an amino acid...
assemblies of phenylalanine. A rarer form of hyperphenylalaninemia is tetrahydrobiopterin deficiency, which occurs when the PAH enzyme is normal, and a defect...
insertion of molybdate into MPT to form Moco (molybdenum cofactor). Tetrahydrobiopterin, the major unconjugated pterin in vertebrates, is involved in three...
aromatic amino acid hydroxylases, a class of monooxygenase that uses tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4, a pteridine cofactor) and a non-heme iron for catalysis. During...
does so using molecular oxygen (O2), as well as iron (Fe2+) and tetrahydrobiopterin as cofactors. L-DOPA is a precursor for dopamine, which, in turn...
(eventually, limited availability) of the associated cofactors, iron or tetrahydrobiopterin. [citation needed] The corresponding enzymes for those compounds...
the pathway that recycles a substance called tetrahydrobiopterin, also known as BH4. Tetrahydrobiopterin works with an enzyme called phenylalanine hydroxylase...
and tetrahydrobiopterin as cofactors. L-Tyrosine is converted into L-DOPA by another AAAH enzyme (tyrosine 3-hydroxylase) with tetrahydrobiopterin, O2...
(O2) and tetrahydrobiopterin as cofactors. L-Tyrosine is converted into L-DOPA by the enzyme tyrosine hydroxylase, with tetrahydrobiopterin, O2, and iron...
1.33) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction 5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + 2 NADP+ ⇌ {\displaystyle \rightleftharpoons } biopterin + 2 NADPH...
throughout the structure cause phenylketonuria. Phenylalanine substrate and tetrahydrobiopterin coenzyme in black, and Fe2+ cofactor in yellow. (PDB: 1KW0)...
self-sufficient. The electron flow is: NADPH → FAD → FMN → heme → O2. Tetrahydrobiopterin provides an additional electron during the catalytic cycle which...
chemicals. Sepiapterin can be metabolized into tetrahydrobiopterin via a salvage pathway. Tetrahydrobiopterin is an essential cofactor in humans for breakdown...
oxygen (O2) and tetrahydrobiopterin as cofactors. Tyrosine is converted into L-DOPA by the enzyme tyrosine hydroxylase, with tetrahydrobiopterin, O2, and probably...
explanation is that vitamin C increases intracellular concentrations of tetrahydrobiopterin, an endothelial nitric oxide synthase cofactor that promotes the...
the cofactor tetrahydrobiopterin and iron. The reaction catalyzed by alkylglycerol monooxygenase: 1-alkyl-sn-glycerol + tetrahydrobiopterin + O2 ⇌ {\displaystyle...
to chelate iron, thereby inhibiting PHD. Minoxidil is capable of tetrahydrobiopterin inhibition as a cofactor for nitric oxide synthase. Minoxidil stimulates...
Latremoliere A, Woolf CJ (February 2012). "Analgesia by inhibiting tetrahydrobiopterin synthesis". Current Opinion in Pharmacology. 12 (1): 92–99. doi:10...
have diverse biological roles. Dihydrobiopterin Pyrazine Pyrimidine Tetrahydrobiopterin International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (2014). Nomenclature...
norepinephrine and epinephrine. It is restored to the required cofactor tetrahydrobiopterin by dihydrobiopterin reductase. Pteridine Tetrahydrobiopterin v t e...
[citation needed] GTPCH (GCH1) and tetrahydrobiopterin were found to protect against cell death by ferroptosis. Tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4) acts as a potent, diffusable...
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