This article is about a molecule of one nitrogen atom and one oxygen atom. For other chemical combinations of nitrogen and oxygen, see nitrogen oxide. For the use of nitric oxide as a medication or in biology, see Biological functions of nitric oxide.
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
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Chemical compound
Nitric oxide (nitrogen oxide or nitrogen monoxide[1]) is a colorless gas with the formula NO. It is one of the principal oxides of nitrogen. Nitric oxide is a free radical: it has an unpaired electron, which is sometimes denoted by a dot in its chemical formula (•N=O or •NO). Nitric oxide is also a heteronuclear diatomic molecule, a class of molecules whose study spawned early modern theories of chemical bonding.[6]
An important intermediate in industrial chemistry, nitric oxide forms in combustion systems and can be generated by lightning in thunderstorms. In mammals, including humans, nitric oxide is a signaling molecule in many physiological and pathological processes.[7] It was proclaimed the "Molecule of the Year" in 1992.[8] The 1998 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine was awarded for discovering nitric oxide's role as a cardiovascular signalling molecule.[9]
Nitric oxide should not be confused with nitrogen dioxide (NO2), a brown gas and major air pollutant, or with nitrous oxide (N2O), an anesthetic gas.[6]
^ abNomenclature of Inorganic Chemistry, IUPAC Recommendations(PDF). International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry. 2005. p. 69.
^"Nitric Oxide (CHEBI:16480)". Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI). UK: European Bioinformatics Institute.
^ ab"Nitric oxide". Immediately Dangerous to Life or Health Concentrations (IDLH). National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH).
^ abCite error: The named reference G&E was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^Hou, Y. C.; Janczuk, A.; Wang, P. G. (1999). "Current trends in the development of nitric oxide donors". Current Pharmaceutical Design. 5 (6): 417–441. doi:10.2174/138161280506230110111042. PMID 10390607.
^Culotta, Elizabeth; Koshland, Daniel E. Jr. (1992). "NO news is good news". Science. 258 (5090): 1862–1864. Bibcode:1992Sci...258.1862C. doi:10.1126/science.1361684. PMID 1361684.
^"The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1998". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 2022-06-17.
Nitricoxide (nitrogen oxide or nitrogen monoxide) is a colorless gas with the formula NO. It is one of the principal oxides of nitrogen. Nitric oxide...
Nitricoxide synthases (EC 1.14.13.39) (NOSs) are a family of enzymes catalyzing the production of nitricoxide (NO) from L-arginine. NO is an important...
Biological functions of nitricoxide are roles that nitricoxide plays within biology. Nitricoxide (nitrogen monoxide) is a molecule and chemical compound...
exhaled nitricoxide (eNO) can be measured in a breath test for asthma and other respiratory conditions characterized by airway inflammation. Nitricoxide (NO)...
yellow cast over time due to decomposition into oxides of nitrogen. Most commercially available nitric acid has a concentration of 68% in water. When the...
atmospheric chemistry, NOx is shorthand for nitricoxide (NO) and nitrogen dioxide (NO 2), the nitrogen oxides that are most relevant for air pollution....
Nitrogen oxide may refer to a binary compound of oxygen and nitrogen, or a mixture of such compounds: Nitricoxide (NO), nitrogen(II) oxide, or nitrogen...
Endothelial NOS (eNOS), also known as nitricoxide synthase 3 (NOS3) or constitutive NOS (cNOS), is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the NOS3 gene...
including saliva nitrite, a biomarker for nitricoxide status (see below for Cardiovascular Disease, NitricOxide: a salivary biomarker for cardio-protection)...
Metal nitrosyl complexes are complexes that contain nitricoxide, NO, bonded to a transition metal. Many kinds of nitrosyl complexes are known, which vary...
nitroglycerin and nitroprusside control blood pressure by metabolizing into nitricoxide. Many notable nitrogen-containing drugs, such as the natural caffeine...
nitrogen pentoxide or nitric anhydride) is the chemical compound with the formula N2O5. It is one of the binary nitrogen oxides, a family of compounds...
Nitricoxide dioxygenase (EC 1.14.12.17) is an enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of nitricoxide (NO) to nitrate (NO− 3) . The net reaction for the...
Nitricoxide synthetase may refer to: Nitricoxide synthase Nitric-oxide synthase (NAD(P)H-dependent) This set index page lists enzyme articles associated...
of nitricoxide (NO), and is mostly used for the treatment and prevention of angina pectoris. This group of drugs includes nitrates (esters of nitric acid)...
Nitrous oxide (dinitrogen oxide or dinitrogen monoxide), commonly known as laughing gas, nitrous, nitro, or nos, is a chemical compound, an oxide of nitrogen...
epinephrine (adrenaline), and is a cofactor for the production of nitricoxide (NO) by the nitricoxide synthases. Chemically, its structure is that of a (dihydropteridine...
Mixed oxides of nitrogen (MON) are solutions of nitricoxide (NO) in dinitrogen tetroxide/nitrogen dioxide (N2O4 and NO2). It may be used as an oxidizing...
American pharmacologist. For demonstrating the signaling properties of nitricoxide, he was co-recipient of the 1998 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine...
to various planets. Nitrogen dioxide typically arises via the oxidation of nitricoxide by oxygen in air (e.g. as result of corona discharge): 2 NO +...
are not recommended for more than ten minutes. It works by increasing nitricoxide levels in the blood, which increases cGMP levels in cells, and causes...
hydroxylammonium hydrogen sulfate ([NH3OH]+[HSO4]−), by the hydrogenation of nitricoxide over platinum catalysts in the presence of sulfuric acid. 2 NO + 3 H2...
production of nitric acid, water, and nitricoxide: 3 HNO2 → HNO3 + 2 NO + H2O The nitricoxide can subsequently be re-oxidized by air to nitric acid, making...
several oxidation states; but the most common oxidation states are -3 and +3. Nitrogen can form nitride and nitrate ions. It also forms a part of nitric acid...
Nitricoxide synthase 1 (neuronal), also known as NOS1, is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the NOS1 gene. Nitricoxide synthases (EC 1.14.13.39)...
guanidine group in arginine is the precursor for the biosynthesis of nitricoxide. Like all amino acids, it is a white, water-soluble solid. The one-letter...
on a need to meet distinct characterization criteria. Currently, only nitricoxide, carbon monoxide, and hydrogen sulfide are accepted as gasotransmitters...
these beneficial effects are due to nitroglycerin being converted to nitricoxide, a potent venodilator, the enzyme for this conversion was only discovered...