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Nitric oxide information


Nitric oxide
Skeletal formula of nitric oxide with bond length
Skeletal formula showing two lone pairs and one three-electron bond
Skeletal formula showing two lone pairs and one three-electron bond
Space-filling model of nitric oxide
Space-filling model of nitric oxide
Names
IUPAC name
Nitrogen monoxide[1]
Systematic IUPAC name
Oxidonitrogen(•)[2] (additive)
Other names
Nitrogen oxide
Nitrogen(II) oxide
Oxonitrogen
Nitrogen monoxide
Identifiers
CAS Number
  • 10102-43-9 checkY
3D model (JSmol)
  • Interactive image
3DMet
  • B00122
ChEBI
  • CHEBI:16480 checkY
ChEMBL
  • ChEMBL1200689 ☒N
ChemSpider
  • 127983 checkY
DrugBank
  • DB00435 checkY
ECHA InfoCard 100.030.233 Edit this at Wikidata
EC Number
  • 233-271-0
Gmelin Reference
451
IUPHAR/BPS
  • 2509
KEGG
  • D00074 checkY
PubChem CID
  • 145068
RTECS number
  • QX0525000
UNII
  • 31C4KY9ESH checkY
UN number 1660
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)
  • DTXSID1020938 Edit this at Wikidata
InChI
  • InChI=1S/NO/c1-2 checkY
    Key: MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N checkY
  • InChI=1/NO/c1-2
    Key: MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYAI
SMILES
  • [N]=O
Properties
Chemical formula
NO
Molar mass 30.006 g·mol−1
Appearance Colourless gas
Density 1.3402 g/L
Melting point −164 °C (−263 °F; 109 K)
Boiling point −152 °C (−242 °F; 121 K)
Solubility in water
0.0098 g / 100 ml (0 °C)
0.0056 g / 100 ml (20 °C)
Refractive index (nD)
1.0002697
Structure
Molecular shape
linear (point group Cv)
Thermochemistry
Std molar
entropy (S298)
210.76 J/(K·mol)
Std enthalpy of
formation fH298)
90.29 kJ/mol
Pharmacology
ATC code
R07AX01 (WHO)
License data
  • EU EMA: by INN
Routes of
administration
Inhalation
Pharmacokinetics:
Bioavailability
good
Metabolism
via pulmonary capillary bed
Biological half-life
2–6 seconds
Hazards
Occupational safety and health (OHS/OSH):
Main hazards
  • Fatal if inhaled
  • Causes severe burns
  • Causes eye damage
  • Corrosive to the respiratory tract
[4]
GHS labelling:
Pictograms
GHS04: Compressed GasGHS03: OxidizingGHS05: CorrosiveGHS06: Toxic[3][4]
Signal word
Danger
Hazard statements
H270, H280, H314, H330[3][4]
Precautionary statements
P220, P244, P260, P280, P303+P361+P353+P315, P304+P340+P315, P305+P351+P338+P315, P370+P376, P403, P405[3][4]
NFPA 704 (fire diamond)
NFPA 704 four-colored diamondHealth 3: Short exposure could cause serious temporary or residual injury. E.g. chlorine gasFlammability 0: Will not burn. E.g. waterInstability 3: Capable of detonation or explosive decomposition but requires a strong initiating source, must be heated under confinement before initiation, reacts explosively with water, or will detonate if severely shocked. E.g. hydrogen peroxideSpecial hazard OX: Oxidizer. E.g. potassium perchlorate
3
0
3
OX
Lethal dose or concentration (LD, LC):
LC50 (median concentration)
315 ppm (rabbit, 15 min)
854 ppm (rat, 4 h)
2500 ppm (mouse, 12 min)[5]
LCLo (lowest published)
320 ppm (mouse)[5]
Safety data sheet (SDS) External SDS
Related compounds
Related nitrogen oxides
Dinitrogen pentoxide

Dinitrogen tetroxide
Dinitrogen trioxide
Nitrogen dioxide
Nitrous oxide
Nitroxyl (reduced form)
Hydroxylamine (hydrogenated form)

Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
☒N verify (what is checkY☒N ?)
Infobox references

Nitric oxide (nitrogen oxide or nitrogen monoxide[1]) is a colorless gas with the formula NO. It is one of the principal oxides of nitrogen. Nitric oxide is a free radical: it has an unpaired electron, which is sometimes denoted by a dot in its chemical formula (N=O or NO). Nitric oxide is also a heteronuclear diatomic molecule, a class of molecules whose study spawned early modern theories of chemical bonding.[6]

An important intermediate in industrial chemistry, nitric oxide forms in combustion systems and can be generated by lightning in thunderstorms. In mammals, including humans, nitric oxide is a signaling molecule in many physiological and pathological processes.[7] It was proclaimed the "Molecule of the Year" in 1992.[8] The 1998 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine was awarded for discovering nitric oxide's role as a cardiovascular signalling molecule.[9]

Nitric oxide should not be confused with nitrogen dioxide (NO2), a brown gas and major air pollutant, or with nitrous oxide (N2O), an anesthetic gas.[6]

  1. ^ a b Nomenclature of Inorganic Chemistry, IUPAC Recommendations (PDF). International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry. 2005. p. 69.
  2. ^ "Nitric Oxide (CHEBI:16480)". Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI). UK: European Bioinformatics Institute.
  3. ^ a b c "Nitrogen monoxide - Registration Dossier - ECHA". Retrieved 2020-11-02.
  4. ^ a b c d "Safety Data Sheet - Nitric Oxide, compressed - Registration Dossier" (PDF). Retrieved 2020-11-02.
  5. ^ a b "Nitric oxide". Immediately Dangerous to Life or Health Concentrations (IDLH). National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH).
  6. ^ a b Cite error: The named reference G&E was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  7. ^ Hou, Y. C.; Janczuk, A.; Wang, P. G. (1999). "Current trends in the development of nitric oxide donors". Current Pharmaceutical Design. 5 (6): 417–441. doi:10.2174/138161280506230110111042. PMID 10390607.
  8. ^ Culotta, Elizabeth; Koshland, Daniel E. Jr. (1992). "NO news is good news". Science. 258 (5090): 1862–1864. Bibcode:1992Sci...258.1862C. doi:10.1126/science.1361684. PMID 1361684.
  9. ^ "The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1998". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 2022-06-17.

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yellow cast over time due to decomposition into oxides of nitrogen. Most commercially available nitric acid has a concentration of 68% in water. When the...

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atmospheric chemistry, NOx is shorthand for nitric oxide (NO) and nitrogen dioxide (NO 2), the nitrogen oxides that are most relevant for air pollution....

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Metal nitrosyl complex

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Metal nitrosyl complexes are complexes that contain nitric oxide, NO, bonded to a transition metal. Many kinds of nitrosyl complexes are known, which vary...

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nitroglycerin and nitroprusside control blood pressure by metabolizing into nitric oxide. Many notable nitrogen-containing drugs, such as the natural caffeine...

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Nitric oxide dioxygenase (EC 1.14.12.17) is an enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of nitric oxide (NO) to nitrate (NO− 3) . The net reaction for the...

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Nitric oxide synthetase may refer to: Nitric oxide synthase Nitric-oxide synthase (NAD(P)H-dependent) This set index page lists enzyme articles associated...

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of nitric oxide (NO), and is mostly used for the treatment and prevention of angina pectoris. This group of drugs includes nitrates (esters of nitric acid)...

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epinephrine (adrenaline), and is a cofactor for the production of nitric oxide (NO) by the nitric oxide synthases. Chemically, its structure is that of a (dihydropteridine...

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Mixed oxides of nitrogen

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Louis Ignarro

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to various planets. Nitrogen dioxide typically arises via the oxidation of nitric oxide by oxygen in air (e.g. as result of corona discharge): 2 NO +...

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hydroxylammonium hydrogen sulfate ([NH3OH]+[HSO4]−), by the hydrogenation of nitric oxide over platinum catalysts in the presence of sulfuric acid. 2 NO + 3 H2...

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