The endosomal sorting complexes required for transport (ESCRT) machinery is made up of cytosolic protein complexes, known as ESCRT-0, ESCRT-I, ESCRT-II, and ESCRT-III. Together with a number of accessory proteins, these ESCRT complexes enable a unique mode of membrane remodeling that results in membranes bending/budding away from the cytoplasm.[1][2] These ESCRT components have been isolated and studied in a number of organisms including yeast and humans.[3] A eukaryotic signature protein, the machinery is found in all eukaryotes and some archaea.[4]
The ESCRT machinery plays a vital role in a number of cellular processes including multivesicular body (MVB) biogenesis, cellular abscission, and viral budding. Multivesicular body (MVB) biogenesis is a process in which ubiquitin-tagged proteins enter organelles called endosomes via the formation of vesicles. This process is essential for cells to destroy misfolded and damaged proteins.[5] Without ESCRT machinery, these proteins can build up and lead to neurodegenerative disease. For example, abnormalities in ESCRT-III components can lead to neurological disorders such as hereditary spastic paraplegia (HSP).[6] Cellular abscission, the process by which the membrane connecting two daughter cells is cleaved, is also mediated by ESCRT machinery. Without the ESCRT complexes, daughter cells could not separate and abnormal cells containing twice the amount of DNA would be generated. These cells would inevitably be destroyed through a process known as apoptosis. Lastly, viral budding, or the process by which specific types of viruses exit cells, may not occur in the absence of ESCRT machinery. This would inevitably prevent viruses from spreading from cell to cell.
^Schmidt O, Teis D (February 2012). "The ESCRT machinery". Curr. Biol. 22 (4): R116–20. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2012.01.028. PMC 3314914. PMID 22361144.
^Babst M (August 2011). "MVB vesicle formation: ESCRT-dependent, ESCRT-independent and everything in between". Curr. Opin. Cell Biol. 23 (4): 452–7. doi:10.1016/j.ceb.2011.04.008. PMC 3148405. PMID 21570275.
^Hurley JH, Hanson PI (August 2010). "Membrane budding and scission by the ESCRT machinery: it's all in the neck". Nat. Rev. Mol. Cell Biol. 11 (8): 556–66. doi:10.1038/nrm2937. PMC 2922035. PMID 20588296.
^Samson, RY; Dobro, MJ; Jensen, GJ; Bell, SD (2017). "The Structure, Function and Roles of the Archaeal ESCRT Apparatus". Prokaryotic Cytoskeletons. Subcellular Biochemistry. Vol. 84. pp. 357–377. doi:10.1007/978-3-319-53047-5_12. ISBN 978-3-319-53045-1. PMID 28500532.
^Cite error: The named reference piper was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
required for transport (ESCRT) machinery is made up of cytosolic protein complexes, known as ESCRT-0, ESCRT-I, ESCRT-II, and ESCRT-III. Together with a number...
tumorigenesis and/or progression. The main role of TSG101 is to participate in ESCRT pathway. This pathway facilitates reverse topology budding and formation...
process dependent on "endosomal sorting complexes required for transport" (ESCRT) made up of cytosolic protein complexes. During nuclear membrane rupture...
Cdv fulfills a similar role. This machinery is related to the eukaryotic ESCRT-III machinery which, while best known for its role in cell sorting, also...
pro-inflammatory response and is also known to promote the viral budding process via a ESCRT-dependent pathway. Cell receptor ephrin-B2, which is located on epithelial...
cellular response to membrane damage are expanding, e.g. Galectin-3 recruits ESCRTs to damaged lysosomes so that lysosomes can be repaired. This occurs before...
endosomal sorting complex required for transport (ESCRT) structures at the site of budding. There, ESCRT proteins form into concentric spirals and push the...
addition of ubiquitin. The endosomal sorting complexes required for transport (ESCRTs) recognise this ubiquitin and sort the protein into the forming lumenal...
biology of retroviruses, particularly HIV. He is also known for studying the ESCRT pathway in cell division. Sundquist was born in Saint Paul, Minnesota in...
along with other soluble coiled-coil containing proteins, forms part of the ESCRT-III protein complex that binds to the endosomal membrane and recruits additional...
tubulin-like (often FtsZ-ring) proteins and sometimes (Thermoproteota) ESCRT-III, which in eukaryotes still has a role in the last step of division....
reticulum through the endosomal sorting complex required for transport (ESCRT) pathway. This pathway is normally utilized to bud vesicles out of the cell...
involves the sequential action of three multiprotein complexes, ESCRT I to III (ESCRT standing for 'endosomal sorting complexes required for transport')...
the endosome-associated complex ESCRT-II (Endosomal Sorting Complexes Required for Transport protein II). ESCRT (ESCRT-I, -II, -III) complexes orchestrate...
the ESCRT-I complex (endosomal complexes required for transport) involved in the sorting of ubiquitinated protein. The two other subunits of ESCRT-I are...
MIT domain-containing proteins bind to multiple components of the human ESCRT III complex". Genomics. 88 (3): 333–46. doi:10.1016/j.ygeno.2006.04.003...
acidocaldarius possess a mechanism of replication homologous to the eukaryotic ESCRT. Sulfolobus acidocaldarius is a facultative autotroph. When growing autotrophically...
one of the endosomal sorting complexes required for transport (ESCRT) - specifically ESCRT-III - which are a series of complexes involved in cell membrane...
Pisano, Gina; Veettil, Mohanan Valiya; Chandran, Bala (October 2016). "ESCRT-I Protein Tsg101 Plays a Role in the Post-macropinocytic Trafficking and...
translation, and DNA repair. In cells, lysine 63-linked chains are bound by the ESCRT-0 complex, which prevents their binding to the proteasome. This complex...
also use the proteasome to control cell cycle, specifically by controlling ESCRT-III-mediated cell division. In plants, signaling by auxins, or phytohormones...
"Ultrastructural analysis of ESCRT proteins suggests a role for endosome-associated tubular-vesicular membranes in ESCRT function". Traffic. 7 (11): 1551–66...
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