Henipavirus information

Henipavirus
	Colored transmission electron micrograph of a Hendra henipavirus virion (ca. 300 nm length)
Virus classification
(unranked):	Virus
Realm:	Riboviria
Kingdom:	Orthornavirae
Phylum:	Negarnaviricota
Class:	Monjiviricetes
Order:	Mononegavirales
Family:	Paramyxoviridae
Subfamily:	Orthoparamyxovirinae
Genus:	Henipavirus
Species
	Cedar henipavirus; Ghanaian bat henipavirus; Hendra henipavirus; Langya henipavirus; Mojiang henipavirus; Nipah henipavirus;

Henipavirus is a genus of negative-strand RNA viruses in the family Paramyxoviridae, order Mononegavirales containing six established species,^[1]^[2] and numerous others still under study.^[3] Henipaviruses are naturally harboured by several species of small mammals, notably pteropid fruit bats (flying foxes), microbats of several species,^[4] and shrews.^[5]^[6] Henipaviruses are characterised by long genomes and a wide host range. Their recent emergence as zoonotic pathogens capable of causing illness and death in domestic animals and humans is a cause of concern.^[7]^[8]

In 2009, RNA sequences of three novel viruses in phylogenetic relationship to known henipaviruses were detected in African straw-colored fruit bats (Eidolon helvum) in Ghana. The finding of these novel henipaviruses outside Australia and Asia indicates that the region of potential endemicity of henipaviruses may be worldwide.^[9] These African henipaviruses are slowly being characterised.^[10]

Nipah and Hendra henipaviruses are both considered category C (USDA-HHS overlap) select agents.^[11]

^ Rima, B; Balkema-Buschmann, A; Dundon, WG; Duprex, WP; Easton, A; Fouchier, R; Kurath, G; Lamb, R; Lee, B; Rota, P; Wang, L; ICTV Report Consortium (December 2019). "ICTV Virus Taxonomy Profile: Paramyxoviridae". The Journal of General Virology. 100 (12): 1593–1594. doi:10.1099/jgv.0.001328. PMC 7273325. PMID 31609197.
^ "ICTV Report Paramyxoviridae".
^ Cite error: The named reference Wu-2014 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^ Li, Y; Wang, J; Hickey, AC; Zhang, Y; Li, Y; Wu, Y; Zhang, Huajun; et al. (December 2008). "Antibodies to Nipah or Nipah-like viruses in bats, China [letter]". Emerging Infectious Diseases. 14 (12): 1974–6. doi:10.3201/eid1412.080359. PMC 2634619. PMID 19046545.
^ Cheng, Amy (10 August 2022). "New Langya virus that may have spilled over from animals infects dozens". The Washington Post.
^ Cite error: The named reference Zhang-2022 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^ Sawatsky (2008). "Hendra and Nipah Virus". Animal Viruses: Molecular Biology. Caister Academic Press. ISBN 978-1-904455-22-6.
^ "Nipah yet to be confirmed, 86 under observation: Shailaja". OnManorama. Retrieved 4 June 2019.
^ Drexler JF, Corman VM, Gloza-Rausch F, Seebens A, Annan A (2009). Markotter W (ed.). "Henipavirus RNA in African Bats". PLOS ONE. 4 (7): e6367. Bibcode:2009PLoSO...4.6367D. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0006367. PMC 2712088. PMID 19636378.
^ Drexler JF, Corman VM; et al. (2012). "Bats host major mammalian paramyxoviruses". Nat Commun. 3: 796. Bibcode:2012NatCo...3..796D. doi:10.1038/ncomms1796. PMC 3343228. PMID 22531181.
^ "Federal Select Agent Program". www.selectagents.gov. 8 January 2021. Retrieved 15 January 2021.

[1] Rima, B; Balkema-Buschmann, A; Dundon, WG; Duprex, WP; Easton, A; Fouchier, R; Kurath, G; Lamb, R; Lee, B; Rota, P; Wang, L; ICTV Report Consortium (December 2019). "ICTV Virus Taxonomy Profile: Paramyxoviridae". The Journal of General Virology. 100 (12): 1593–1594. doi:10.1099/jgv.0.001328. PMC 7273325. PMID 31609197.

[2] "ICTV Report Paramyxoviridae".

[Wu-2014-3] Cite error: The named reference Wu-2014 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).

[4] Li, Y; Wang, J; Hickey, AC; Zhang, Y; Li, Y; Wu, Y; Zhang, Huajun; et al. (December 2008). "Antibodies to Nipah or Nipah-like viruses in bats, China [letter]". Emerging Infectious Diseases. 14 (12): 1974–6. doi:10.3201/eid1412.080359. PMC 2634619. PMID 19046545.

[5] Cheng, Amy (10 August 2022). "New Langya virus that may have spilled over from animals infects dozens". The Washington Post.

[Zhang-2022-6] Cite error: The named reference Zhang-2022 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).

[sobrino5-7] Sawatsky (2008). "Hendra and Nipah Virus". Animal Viruses: Molecular Biology. Caister Academic Press. ISBN 978-1-904455-22-6.

[8] "Nipah yet to be confirmed, 86 under observation: Shailaja". OnManorama. Retrieved 4 June 2019.

[9] Drexler JF, Corman VM, Gloza-Rausch F, Seebens A, Annan A (2009). Markotter W (ed.). "Henipavirus RNA in African Bats". PLOS ONE. 4 (7): e6367. Bibcode:2009PLoSO...4.6367D. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0006367. PMC 2712088. PMID 19636378.

[10] Drexler JF, Corman VM; et al. (2012). "Bats host major mammalian paramyxoviruses". Nat Commun. 3: 796. Bibcode:2012NatCo...3..796D. doi:10.1038/ncomms1796. PMC 3343228. PMID 22531181.

[11] "Federal Select Agent Program". www.selectagents.gov. 8 January 2021. Retrieved 15 January 2021.

Henipavirus information

and 27 Related for: Henipavirus information

Henipavirus

Langya henipavirus

Nipah virus

Hendra virus

List of biosafety level 4 organisms

Madagascar henipavirus

Ghanaian bat henipavirus

Cedar virus

Encephalitis

Nipa

Paramyxoviridae

Unit 731

Nipah virus infection

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention

Ebola

Large flying fox

Indian flying fox

Rabies

Pteropus

Biosafety level

Marburg virus disease

Zoonosis

Biological hazard

Anthrax

Dengue fever

Japanese encephalitis

Yellow fever