Earliest stage of infection in the viral life cycle
Influenza virus life cycle
Entry
Replication
Latency
Shedding
Viral entry is the earliest stage of infection in the viral life cycle, as the virus comes into contact with the host cell and introduces viral material into the cell. The major steps involved in viral entry are shown below.[1] Despite the variation among viruses, there are several shared generalities concerning viral entry.[2]
^Subramanian RP, Geraghty RJ (20 February 2007). "Herpes simplex virus type 1 mediates fusion through a hemifusion intermediate by sequential activity of glycoproteins D, H, L, and B". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA. 104 (8): 2903–08. Bibcode:2007PNAS..104.2903S. doi:10.1073/pnas.0608374104. PMC 1815279. PMID 17299053.
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Viralentry is the earliest stage of infection in the viral life cycle, as the virus comes into contact with the host cell and introduces viral material...
precursors for the synthesis of viral proteins and nucleic acids. Virus replication occurs in seven stages: Attachment Entry (Penetration) Uncoating Replication...
and encoding five viral proteins. The five viral proteins, their symbol, and their functional roles are: ABLV has a similar entry mechanism to other...
early stage of viral infection is viralentry, when the virus attaches to and enters the host cell. A number of "entry-inhibiting" or "entry-blocking" drugs...
mediates viralentry. Electron micrographs of viruses with surface spikes SARS-CoV-2 Influenza virus Human immunodeficiency virus ViralentryViral life cycle...
with proteins of the cell. Attachment, or adsorption, occurs between the viral particle and the host cell membrane. A hole forms in the cell membrane,...
many biological processes, especially in eukaryotic development and viralentry. Fusion proteins can originate from genes encoded by infectious enveloped...
virus surface proteins that allow the virus to enter. Penetration or viralentry follows attachment: Virions enter the host cell through receptor-mediated...
Viral vectors are modified viruses designed to deliver genetic material into cells. This process can be performed inside an organism or in cell culture...
viruses. Upon entry into the target cell, the viral RNA genome is converted (reverse transcribed) into double-stranded DNA by a virally encoded enzyme...
phosphoprotein, which shows significant variation). Viral replication is initiated only after successful entry into a cell by attachment and fusion between the...
virions. In herpesviruses, the viral matrix is usually called viral tegument and contains many proteins involved in viralentry, early gene expression and...
effects being genetically controlled. Viral pathogenesis is affected by various factors: (1) transmission, entry and spread within the host, (2) tropism...
particles on mammalian cells. The level of gene expression can be adjusted by viral dose or chemical additions using histone deacetylase inhibitors. Transduction...
signaling, and the expression of various chemokine receptors susceptible to viralentry, particularly HIV. Jurkat cells can produce interleukin 2, and are used...
heterotetramer that was positively identified as the viral CD46 ligand. The exact process of entry is not yet well understood. The salivary glands have...
viral attachment, and entry into the cell through membrane fusion. The outer protein shell is covered by a host-derived lipid membrane, the viral envelope...
replicate. Helper viruses are also commonly used to replicate and spread viral vectors for gene expression and gene therapy. Helper dependent virus Virophage...
influencing viral tissue tropism include: The presence of cellular receptors permitting viralentry. Availability of transcription factors involved in viral replication...
ribosomal entry site (Type I IRES). Covalently bonded to the 5’ UTR is the viral protein VPg which aids in viralentry and replication. 2A and 3C are viral proteinases...
of HIV and the T cell and promotes their fusion The entry of the viral core into the cell Entry inhibitors work by interfering with one aspect of this...
A viral disease (or viral infection) occurs when an organism's body is invaded by pathogenic viruses, and infectious virus particles (virions) attach...
Herpes simplex, often known simply as herpes, is a viral infection caused by the herpes simplex virus. Herpes infections are categorized by the area of...
efficacy of some proteases in reducing virulence by cleaving viral surface proteins. Viralentry into host cells is mediated by the interaction of these surface...
Tavares, Alexander H. (2020-12-14). "SARS-CoV-2 Requires Cholesterol for ViralEntry and Pathological Syncytia Formation". eLife. 10: 10:e65962. doi:10.7554/eLife...
M2 proteins form proton ion channels through the viral envelope that are required for viralentry and exit. Influenza B viruses contain a surface protein...
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