GTP-binding proteins functioning on cell-cycle regulation
This article is about p21/Ras protein. For the p21/waf1 protein, see p21.
HRas structure PDB 121p, surface colored by conservation in Pfam seed alignment: gold, most conserved; dark cyan, least conserved.
Identifiers
Symbol
Ras
Pfam
PF00071
InterPro
IPR020849
PROSITE
PDOC00017
SCOP2
5p21 / SCOPe / SUPFAM
CDD
cd04138
Available protein structures:
Pfam
structures / ECOD
PDB
RCSB PDB; PDBe; PDBj
PDBsum
structure summary
Ras, from "Rat sarcoma virus", is a family of related proteins that are expressed in all animal cell lineages and organs. All Ras protein family members belong to a class of protein called small GTPase, and are involved in transmitting signals within cells (cellular signal transduction). Ras is the prototypical member of the Ras superfamily of proteins, which are all related in three-dimensional structure and regulate diverse cell behaviours.
When Ras is 'switched on' by incoming signals, it subsequently switches on other proteins, which ultimately turn on genes involved in cell growth, differentiation, and survival. Mutations in Ras genes can lead to the production of permanently activated Ras proteins, which can cause unintended and overactive signaling inside the cell, even in the absence of incoming signals.
Because these signals result in cell growth and division, overactive Ras signaling can ultimately lead to cancer.[1] The three Ras genes in humans (HRAS, KRAS, and NRAS) are the most common oncogenes in human cancer; mutations that permanently activate Ras are found in 20 to 25% of all human tumors and up to 90% in certain types of cancer (e.g., pancreatic cancer).[2] For this reason, Ras inhibitors are being studied as a treatment for cancer and other diseases with Ras overexpression.
^Goodsell DS (1999). "The molecular perspective: the ras oncogene". The Oncologist. 4 (3): 263–4. doi:10.1634/theoncologist.4-3-263. PMID 10394594.
small GTPase, and are involved in transmitting signals within cells (cellular signal transduction). Ras is the prototypical member of the Ras superfamily...
RAS p21 protein activator 1 or RasGAP (RasGTPase activating protein), also known as RASA1, is a 120-kDa cytosolic human protein that provides two principal...
Synaptic RasGTPase-activating protein 1, also known as synaptic Ras-GAP 1 or SYNGAP1, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SYNGAP1 gene. SYNGAP1...
state, and such mutations in the small GTPaseRas are particularly common in some forms of cancer. In most GTPases, the specificity for the base guanine...
diphosphate (GDP). The best-known members are the RasGTPases and hence they are sometimes called Ras subfamily GTPases. A typical G-protein is active when bound...
encoding guanine nucleotide exchange factors that act on the Ras subfamily of small GTPases. The gene was so named because the Sos protein that it encoded...
The Ras superfamily, derived from "Rat sarcoma virus", is a protein superfamily of small GTPases. Members of the superfamily are divided into families...
two paralogs of the Ral protein, the other being RalB, and part of the RasGTPase family. RalA functions as a molecular switch to activate a number of biological...
family of GTPases is a family of small (~21 kDa) signaling G proteins, and is a subfamily of the Ras superfamily. The members of the Rho GTPase family have...
found in a cellular genome, is called a proto-oncogene. The K-Ras protein is a GTPase, a class of enzymes which convert the nucleotide guanosine triphosphate...
homology domain, also called the RasGEF domain, is the catalytic domain of many Ras GEFs, which activate RasGTPases. The CDC25 domain comprises approximately...
a small G protein in the Ras subfamily of the Ras superfamily of small GTPases. Once bound to Guanosine triphosphate, H-Ras will activate a Raf kinase...
member of the GAP1 family of GTPase-activating proteins. The gene product stimulates the GTPase activity of normal RAS p21 but not its oncogenic counterpart...
RasGTPase-activating protein-binding protein 1 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the G3BP1 gene. This gene encodes one of the DNA-unwinding enzymes...
two paralogs of the Ral protein, the other being RalA, and part of the RasGTPase family. RalA functions as a molecular switch to activate a number of biological...
alternative splicing. M-Ras is a member of the small GTPase superfamily under the Ras family, which also includes Rap1, Rap2, R-Ras, and R-Ras2 (TC21). This...
to treat non-small cell lung cancer. Adagrasib is an inhibitor of the RASGTPase family. It is taken by mouth. It is being developed by Mirati Therapeutics...
in the protein K-Ras encoded by gene KRAS which is responsible for various forms of cancer. Sotorasib is an inhibitor of the RASGTPase family. The most...
compartment (ERGIC, in mammals). Coat assembly is initiated when the cytosolic RasGTPase Sar1 is activated by its guanine nucleotide exchange factor Sec12. Activated...
signal threshold to activate T cells that have been previously activated. RasGTPase activation is required for downstream effector functions of activated...
Kinase, RasGTPase-activating protein, CDC24 and cdc25. SH3 domains are found in proteins of signaling pathways regulating the cytoskeleton, the Ras protein...
RasGTPase-activating-like protein IQGAP1 (IQGAP1) also known as p195 is a ubiquitously expressed protein that in humans is encoded by the IQGAP1 gene...
RasGTPase-activating protein nGAP is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the RASAL2 gene. This gene encodes a protein that contains the GAP-related...
RasGTPase-activating protein 4 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the RASA4 gene. This gene encodes a member of the GAP1 family of GTPase-activating...
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