Alveoli are the spherical outcroppings of the respiratory bronchioles.
Pulmonary surfactant is a surface-active complex of phospholipids and proteins formed by type II alveolar cells.[1] The proteins and lipids that make up the surfactant have both hydrophilic and hydrophobic regions. By adsorbing to the air-water interface of alveoli, with hydrophilic head groups in the water and the hydrophobic tails facing towards the air, the main lipid component of surfactant, dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC), reduces surface tension.
As a medication, pulmonary surfactant is on the WHO Model List of Essential Medicines, the most important medications needed in a basic health system.[2]
^Bernhard W (November 2016). "Lung surfactant: Function and composition in the context of development and respiratory physiology". Annals of Anatomy. 208: 146–150. doi:10.1016/j.aanat.2016.08.003. PMID 27693601.
^"19th WHO Model List of Essential Medicines (April 2015)" (PDF). WHO. April 2015. Retrieved May 10, 2015.
and 29 Related for: Pulmonary surfactant information
Pulmonarysurfactant is a surface-active complex of phospholipids and proteins formed by type II alveolar cells. The proteins and lipids that make up the...
also called type II pneumocytes or type II alveolar cells, release pulmonarysurfactant to lower surface tension, and can also differentiate to replace damaged...
a surfactant, which is one of the reasons why many surfactants are ineffective in sea water. The human body produces diverse surfactants. Pulmonary surfactant...
syndrome in premature infants caused by developmental insufficiency of pulmonarysurfactant production and structural immaturity in the lungs. It can also be...
Surfactant protein C (SP-C), is one of the pulmonarysurfactant proteins. In humans this is encoded by the SFTPC gene. It is a membrane protein. SFTPC...
Surfactant protein B is an essential lipid-associated protein found in pulmonarysurfactant. Without it, the lung would not be able to inflate after a...
together with the type II alveolar cells that secrete pulmonarysurfactant, appear. The surfactant reduces the surface tension at the air-alveolar surface...
a phosphatidylcholine head-group. It is the main constituent of pulmonarysurfactants, which reduces the work of breathing and prevents alveolar collapse...
Increased firing from the stretch receptors also increases production of pulmonarysurfactant. Intercostal muscles and thoracic diaphragm receive impulses from...
S2CID 38309595. Wright, Jo Rae (2004). "Host Defense Functions of PulmonarySurfactant". Biology of the Neonate. 85 (4): 326–32. doi:10.1159/000078172....
In molecular biology, Pulmonarysurfactant protein D (SP-D) is a protein domain predominantly found in lung surfactant. This protein plays a special role;...
indistinguishable from sporadic IPF. Genetic associations include mutations in pulmonarysurfactant proteins A1, A2, C (SFTPA1, SFTPA2B) and mucin (MUC5B). A remarkable...
Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis (PAP) is a rare lung disorder characterized by an abnormal accumulation of surfactant-derived lipoprotein compounds within...
negative feedback limiting the secretion of pulmonarysurfactant. SP-A is not required for pulmonarysurfactant to function but does confer immune effects...
Surfactant protein A2 (SP-A2), also known as Pulmonarysurfactant-associated protein A2 (PSP-A2) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SFTPA2...
Dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (lecithin) is a major component of the pulmonarysurfactant, and is often used in the lecithin–sphingomyelin ratio to calculate...
Phosphatidylglycerol is a glycerophospholipid found in pulmonarysurfactant and in the plasma membrane where it directly activates lipid-gated ion channels...
Surfactant metabolism dysfunction is a condition where pulmonarysurfactant is insufficient for adequate respiration. Surface tension at the liquid-air...
a pulmonarysurfactant sold under the brand name Curosurf by Chiesi Farmaceutici. Poractant alfa is an extract of natural porcine lung surfactant. As...
Surfactant protein A1 (SP-A1), also known as Pulmonarysurfactant-associated protein A1 (PSP-A) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SFTPA1 gene...
palmitate (trade name Exosurf) is a drug used as a pulmonarysurfactant. It is a drug that is used in surfactant deficient conditions such as infant respiratory...
modification of SP-D i.e. S-nitrosylation switches its function. pulmonarysurfactant GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000133661 – Ensembl, May 2017 GRCm38:...
A list of drugs or therapeutic agents administered via inhalation. aliflurane cyclopropane desflurane halothane isoflurane methoxyflurane methoxypropane...
For example, a mutation in surfactant protein C (SP-C) has been found to exist in some families with a history of pulmonary fibrosis. Autosomal dominant...
the alveoli (air sacs) of the lungs. It concerns alveolar epithelium, pulmonary capillary endothelium, basement membrane, and perivascular and perilymphatic...
pulmonary compliance due to the loss of alveolar and elastic tissue. Pulmonarysurfactant increases compliance by decreasing the surface tension of water....
cortisol between weeks 30 and 32 initiates production of fetal lung pulmonarysurfactant to promote maturation of the lungs. In fetal lambs, glucocorticoids...
pharyngitis to life-threatening diseases such as bacterial pneumonia, pulmonary embolism, tuberculosis, acute asthma, lung cancer, and severe acute respiratory...
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