Pulmonary fibrosis is a condition in which the lungs become scarred over time.[1] Symptoms include shortness of breath, a dry cough, feeling tired, weight loss, and nail clubbing.[1] Complications may include pulmonary hypertension, respiratory failure, pneumothorax, and lung cancer.[2]
Causes include environmental pollution, certain medications, connective tissue diseases, infections, and interstitial lung diseases.[1][3][6] However, in most cases the cause is unknown, and termed idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.[1][3] Diagnosis may be based on symptoms, medical imaging, lung biopsy, and lung function tests.[1]
No cure exists and only limited treatment options are available.[1] Treatment is directed towards efforts to improve symptoms and may include oxygen therapy and pulmonary rehabilitation.[1][4] Certain medications may be used to try to slow the worsening of scarring.[4] Lung transplantation may occasionally be an option.[3] At least 5 million people are affected globally.[5] Life expectancy is generally less than five years.[3]
^ abcdefghi"Pulmonary Fibrosis". medlineplus.gov. Retrieved 20 December 2019.
^ ab"Pulmonary fibrosis – Symptoms and causes". Mayo Clinic. Retrieved 20 December 2019.
^ abcdef"Pulmonary Fibrosis". MedicineNet, Inc. Archived from the original on 19 July 2014. Retrieved 26 July 2014.
^ abcd"Pulmonary fibrosis – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic". mayoclinic.org. Retrieved 20 December 2019.
^ ab"American Thoracic Society – General Information about Pulmonary Fibrosis". thoracic.org. Archived from the original on 20 December 2019. Retrieved 20 December 2019.
^Ahmad Alhiyari M, Ata F, Islam Alghizzawi M, Bint I Bilal A, Salih Abdulhadi A, Yousaf Z (31 December 2020). "Post COVID-19 fibrosis, an emerging complicationof SARS-CoV-2 infection". IDCases. 23: e01041. doi:10.1016/j.idcr.2020.e01041. ISSN 2214-2509. PMC 7785952. PMID 33425682.
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