E. coli flavohemoglobin/NOD structure. green = reductase domain, blue = hemoglobin domain.[1]
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EC no.
1.14.12.17
CAS no.
214466-78-1
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Nitric oxide dioxygenase (EC 1.14.12.17) is an enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of nitric oxide (NO) to nitrate (NO− 3)
.[2] The net reaction for the reaction catalyzed by nitric oxide dioxygenase is shown below:
2NO + 2O2 + NAD(P)H → 2NO3− + NAD(P)+ + H+
Nitric oxide is a ubiquitous small molecule that is integrated in a wide variety of physiological processes including smooth muscle vasodilation, platelet disaggregation, neurotransmission, and immune response to bacterial infection.[3][4] Overproduction of this signaling molecule can be lethal to cells by poisoning cellular energy production. The most sensitive targets of NO are aconitase, an enzyme that catalyzes the isomerization of citrate to isocitrate in the citric acid cycle, and cytochrome oxidase, the last enzyme in the respiratory electron transport chain of mitochondria.[5] Additionally NO, with its lone radical on the nitrogen atom, is implicated in a number of secondary mechanisms of toxicity, including catalase inhibition (resulting in hydrogen peroxide toxicity), Fe-S center iron liberation, and the formation of dinitosyl-iron complexes.
Due to the potential lethality of NO, cells benefitted greatly from the evolution of an enzyme capable of catalyzing the conversion of toxic NO to nitrate.
A 'nitric oxide dioxygenase' is an enzyme that is capable of carrying out this reaction. NO dioxygenase belongs to the family of oxidoreductases, more specifically those acting on paired donors, with O2 as oxidant and with incorporation of two atoms of oxygen into the other donor.
^PDB: 1gvh; Ilari A, Bonamore A, Farina A, Johnson KA, Boffi A (June 2002). "The X-ray structure of ferric Escherichia coli flavohemoglobin reveals an unexpected geometry of the distal heme pocket". J. Biol. Chem. 277 (26): 23725–32. doi:10.1074/jbc.M202228200. PMID 11964402.
^Forrester MT, Foster MW (May 2012). "Protection from nitrosative stress: a central role for microbial flavohemoglobin". Free Radic. Biol. Med. 52 (9 =): 1620–33. doi:10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2012.01.028. PMID 22343413.
^Fang FC (October 2004). "Antimicrobial reactive oxygen and nitrogen species: concepts and controversies". Nat. Rev. Microbiol. 2 (10): 820–32. doi:10.1038/nrmicro1004. PMID 15378046. S2CID 11063073.
^Gardner PR, Costantino G, Szabó C, Salzman AL (October 1997). "Nitric oxide sensitivity of the aconitases". J. Biol. Chem. 272 (40): 25071–6. doi:10.1074/jbc.272.40.25071. PMID 9312115.
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3389/fmars.2019.00509. ISSN 2296-7745. Gardner, P. R. (2004). "Nitricoxidedioxygenase function and mechanism of flavohemoglobin, hemoglobin, myoglobin...
on a need to meet distinct characterization criteria. Currently, only nitricoxide, carbon monoxide, and hydrogen sulfide are accepted as gasotransmitters...
species, but is readily activated and is thus included. Peroxynitrite and nitricoxide are reactive oxygen-containing species as well. Hydroxyl radical (HO·)...
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oxygen through tissues, scavenge nitricoxide or reactive oxygen species, or serve a protective function during oxidative stress. CYGB expression can be...
produced by oxidation of p-xylene with dilute nitric acid. Air oxidation of p-xylene gives p-toluic acid, which resists further air-oxidation. Conversion...
Erdman and Auguste Laurent in 1840 as a product from the oxidation of indigo dye by nitric acid and chromic acids. Isatin is a well-known natural product...
cystamine through chemical oxidation with various oxidizing agents (molecular oxygen, metal ion, metal oxide, DMSO, nitricoxide, halogen and sodium perborate)...
benzene can be oxidized by both bacteria and eukaryotes. In bacteria, dioxygenase enzyme can add an oxygen to the ring, and the unstable product is immediately...
antihypnotic effects involving alpha 2-adrenergic receptors, as well as nitricoxide-dependent mechanisms. This, in summary, shows that meldonium given in...
inflammatory response is stimulated include for example nitricoxide (NO), indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), programmed death-ligand...
variety of halogenated compounds including trichloroethylene. Toluene dioxygenase has been reported to be involved in TCE degradation by Pseudomonas putida...
presentation and lysosome activity of macrophages. Activates inducible nitricoxide synthase (iNOS) Induces the production of IgG2a and IgG3 from activated...
tetrahydrobiopterin, an endothelial nitricoxide synthase cofactor that promotes the production of nitricoxide, which is a potent vasodilator. Vitamin...
overlapping specificity. Gasotransmitters including carbon monoxide and nitricoxide are also inhibitors of PHD2 by competing with molecular oxygen for binding...
bumped galactosyl-pro-drug. Jingli Hou and colleagues sought to deliver nitricoxide, an important messenger for promoting tissue growth processes like angiogenesis...
suppresses the production of quinolinic acid, 3-hydroxykynurenine and nitricoxide synthase, thereby acting as a neuroprotectant. Natural phenols such as...
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