positive regulation of MHC class II biosynthetic process
negative regulation of smooth muscle cell proliferation
cellular response to interleukin-18
antigen processing and presentation
positive regulation of fructose 1,6-bisphosphate 1-phosphatase activity
regulation of transcription, DNA-templated
positive regulation of tumor necrosis factor (ligand) superfamily member 11 production
positive regulation of interleukin-12 production
positive regulation of autophagy
positive regulation of smooth muscle cell apoptotic process
regulation of insulin secretion
extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway
regulation of the force of heart contraction
regulation of neuronal action potential
positive regulation of nitric oxide biosynthetic process
positive regulation of synaptic transmission, cholinergic
response to virus
positive regulation of membrane protein ectodomain proteolysis
positive regulation of epithelial cell migration
positive regulation of osteoclast differentiation
positive regulation of killing of cells of other organism
positive regulation of calcidiol 1-monooxygenase activity
positive regulation of peptidyl-serine phosphorylation of STAT protein
negative regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II
positive regulation of vitamin D biosynthetic process
neutrophil chemotaxis
negative regulation of gene expression
positive regulation of fructose 1,6-bisphosphate metabolic process
positive regulation of transcription, DNA-templated
endoplasmic reticulum unfolded protein response
cell surface receptor signaling pathway
positive regulation of gene expression
regulation of interferon-gamma-mediated signaling pathway
defense response to bacterium
defense response to virus
positive regulation of neuron differentiation
positive regulation of T cell proliferation
positive regulation of cell population proliferation
regulation of hepatocyte proliferation
immune response
regulation of immune response
positive regulation of tumor necrosis factor production
CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell differentiation involved in immune response
neutrophil apoptotic process
sensory perception of mechanical stimulus
regulation of growth
positive regulation of isotype switching to IgG isotypes
positive regulation of exosomal secretion
positive regulation of CD4-positive, CD25-positive, alpha-beta regulatory T cell differentiation involved in immune response
negative regulation of interleukin-17 production
cellular response to lipopolysaccharide
T cell receptor signaling pathway
negative regulation of epithelial cell differentiation
negative regulation of myelination
inflammatory cell apoptotic process
positive regulation of interleukin-23 production
positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II
negative regulation of cell population proliferation
defense response to protozoan
positive regulation of cell adhesion
negative regulation of glomerular mesangial cell proliferation
negative regulation of fibroblast proliferation
regulation of glial cell proliferation
positive regulation of apoptotic process
positive regulation of protein phosphorylation
adaptive immune response
humoral immune response
regulation of protein ADP-ribosylation
positive regulation of protein-containing complex assembly
positive regulation of tyrosine phosphorylation of STAT protein
negative regulation of transcription, DNA-templated
regulation of defense response to virus by host
interferon-gamma-mediated signaling pathway
positive regulation of protein serine/threonine kinase activity
positive regulation of protein deacetylation
positive regulation of core promoter binding
interleukin-12-mediated signaling pathway
regulation of regulatory T cell differentiation
positive regulation of protein localization to plasma membrane
regulation of signaling receptor activity
positive regulation of protein import into nucleus
microglial cell activation
positive regulation of NMDA glutamate receptor activity
receptor signaling pathway via JAK-STAT
positive regulation of glycolytic process
astrocyte activation
positive regulation of phagocytosis
positive regulation of neurogenesis
positive regulation of nitrogen compound metabolic process
positive regulation of nitric-oxide synthase biosynthetic process
neuroinflammatory response
negative regulation of amyloid-beta clearance
positive regulation of neuron death
positive regulation of cellular respiration
positive regulation of amyloid-beta formation
negative regulation of tau-protein kinase activity
positive regulation of iron ion import across plasma membrane
Sources:Amigo / QuickGO
Orthologs
Species
Human
Mouse
Entrez
3458
15978
Ensembl
ENSG00000111537
ENSMUSG00000055170
UniProt
P01579
P01580
RefSeq (mRNA)
NM_000619
NM_008337
RefSeq (protein)
NP_000610
NP_032363
Location (UCSC)
Chr 12: 68.15 – 68.16 Mb
Chr 10: 118.28 – 118.28 Mb
PubMed search
[3]
[4]
Wikidata
View/Edit Human
View/Edit Mouse
Interferon gamma
Crystal structure of a biologically active single chain mutant of human interferon gamma
Identifiers
Symbol
IFN gamma
Pfam
PF00714
Pfam clan
CL0053
InterPro
IPR002069
SCOP2
1rfb / SCOPe / SUPFAM
Available protein structures:
Pfam
structures / ECOD
PDB
RCSB PDB; PDBe; PDBj
PDBsum
structure summary
Interferon gamma
Clinical data
Trade names
Actimmune
AHFS/Drugs.com
Monograph
MedlinePlus
a601152
ATC code
L03AB03 (WHO)
Identifiers
IUPAC name
Human interferon gamma-1b
CAS Number
98059-61-1Y
DrugBank
DB00033N
ChemSpider
none
UNII
21K6M2I7AG
ChEMBL
ChEMBL1201564N
Chemical and physical data
Formula
C761H1206N214O225S6
Molar mass
17145.65 g·mol−1
NY (what is this?)(verify)
Interferon gamma (IFNG or IFN-γ) is a dimerized soluble cytokine that is the only member of the type II class of interferons.[5] The existence of this interferon, which early in its history was known as immune interferon, was described by E. F. Wheelock as a product of human leukocytes stimulated with phytohemagglutinin, and by others as a product of antigen-stimulated lymphocytes.[6] It was also shown to be produced in human lymphocytes.[7] or tuberculin-sensitized mouse peritoneal lymphocytes[8] challenged with Mantoux test (PPD); the resulting supernatants were shown to inhibit growth of vesicular stomatitis virus. Those reports also contained the basic observation underlying the now widely employed interferon gamma release assay used to test for tuberculosis. In humans, the IFNG protein is encoded by the IFNG gene.[9][10]
Through cell signaling, interferon gamma plays a role in regulating the immune response of its target cell.[11] A key signaling pathway that is activated by type II IFN is the JAK-STAT signaling pathway.[12] IFNG plays an important role in both innate and adaptive immunity. Type II IFN is primarily secreted by adaptive immune cells, more specifically CD4+ T helper 1 (Th1) cells, natural killer (NK) cells, and CD8+ cytotoxic T cells. The expression of type II IFN is upregulated and downregulated by cytokines.[13] By activating signaling pathways in cells such as macrophages, B cells, and CD8+ cytotoxic T cells, it is able to promote inflammation, antiviral or antibacterial activity, and cell proliferation and differentiation.[14] Type II IFN is serologically different from interferon type 1, binds to different receptors, and is encoded by a separate chromosomal locus.[15] Type II IFN has played a role in the development of cancer immunotherapy treatments due to its ability to prevent tumor growth.[13]
^ abcGRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000111537 – Ensembl, May 2017
^ abcGRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000055170 – Ensembl, May 2017
^"Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
^"Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
^Gray PW, Goeddel DV (August 1982). "Structure of the human immune interferon gene". Nature. 298 (5877): 859–863. Bibcode:1982Natur.298..859G. doi:10.1038/298859a0. PMID 6180322. S2CID 4275528.
^Wheelock EF (July 1965). "Interferon-Like Virus-Inhibitor Induced in Human Leukocytes by Phytohemagglutinin". Science. 149 (3681): 310–311. Bibcode:1965Sci...149..310W. doi:10.1126/science.149.3681.310. PMID 17838106. S2CID 1366348.
^Green JA, Cooperband SR, Kibrick S (June 1969). "Immune specific induction of interferon production in cultures of human blood lymphocytes". Science. 164 (3886): 1415–1417. Bibcode:1969Sci...164.1415G. doi:10.1126/science.164.3886.1415. PMID 5783715. S2CID 32651832.
^Milstone LM, Waksman BH (November 1970). "Release of virus inhibitor from tuberculin-sensitized peritoneal cells stimulated by antigen". Journal of Immunology. 105 (5): 1068–1071. doi:10.4049/jimmunol.105.5.1068. PMID 4321289. S2CID 29861335.
^Naylor SL, Sakaguchi AY, Shows TB, Law ML, Goeddel DV, Gray PW (March 1983). "Human immune interferon gene is located on chromosome 12". The Journal of Experimental Medicine. 157 (3): 1020–1027. doi:10.1084/jem.157.3.1020. PMC 2186972. PMID 6403645.
^"Entrez Gene: IFNGR2".
^Cite error: The named reference :0 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^Cite error: The named reference :03 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^ abCite error: The named reference :2 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^Cite error: The named reference :1 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^Lee AJ, Ashkar AA (2018). "The Dual Nature of Type I and Type II Interferons". Frontiers in Immunology. 9: 2061. doi:10.3389/fimmu.2018.02061. PMC 6141705. PMID 30254639.
Interferongamma (IFNG or IFN-γ) is a dimerized soluble cytokine that is the only member of the type II class of interferons. The existence of this interferon...
significantly enhance the presentation of MHC I dependent antigens. Interferongamma (IFN-gamma) also significantly stimulates the MHC II-dependent presentation...
Interferon-γ release assays (IGRA) are medical tests used in the diagnosis of some infectious diseases, especially tuberculosis. Interferon-γ (IFN-γ)...
Interferon alfa (INN) or HuIFN-alpha-Le, trade name Multiferon, is a pharmaceutical drug composed of natural interferon alpha (IFN-α), obtained from the...
Interferongamma receptor 1 (IFNGR1) also known as CD119 (Cluster of Differentiation 119), is a protein that in humans is encoded by the IFNGR1 gene. The...
The type-I interferons (IFN) are cytokines which play essential roles in inflammation, immunoregulation, tumor cells recognition, and T-cell responses...
et al. (September 2007). "Usefulness of whole-blood interferon-gamma assay and interferon-gamma enzyme-linked immunospot assay in the diagnosis of active...
Interferon-alpha, an interferon type I, was identified in 1957 as a protein that interfered with viral replication. The activity of interferon-gamma (the...
Interferongamma receptor 2 also known as IFN-γR2 is a protein which in humans is encoded by the IFNGR2 gene. This gene (IFNGR2) encodes the non-ligand-binding...
Specifically STAT1 can be activated by several ligands such as Interferon alpha (IFNα), Interferongamma (IFNγ), Epidermal Growth Factor (EGF), Platelet Derived...
responses to some cytokines, such as interferon-gamma. JAK1 and JAK2 are involved in type II interferon (interferon-gamma) signalling, whereas JAK1 and TYK2...
(SERPINA12) progranulin CTRP-4 Interleukin 8 (IL-8), interleukin 10 (IL-10), interferongamma (IFN-γ) and inducible protein 10 (IP-10 or CXCL10) have been shown...
complete deficiency in the interferon-gamma receptor have significant elevations in plasma concentrations of interferon-gamma, which can be measured by...
the growth and function of T cells. It stimulates the production of interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) from T cells and natural...
Interferon-gamma release assays (IGRAs) are diagnostic tools for latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI). They are surrogate markers of Mycobacterium tuberculosis...
antidepressant bupropion lowers production of tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interferon-gamma in mice". International Immunopharmacology. 6 (6): 903–907. doi:10...
functions are diverse and vary among species but include potentiation of Interferongamma (IFN-II) production in lymphocytes, ubiquitin-like conjugation to newly-synthesized...
C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 10 (CXCL10) also known as Interferongamma-induced protein 10 (IP-10) or small-inducible cytokine B10 is an 8.7 kDa protein...
Hodgkin's lymphoma, malnutrition, and most notably, active tuberculosis. Interferongamma release assays, on a blood sample, are recommended in those who are...
of interferon signaling. interferon-alpha/beta receptor interferon-gamma receptor Interferon type III receptor Interleukin-10 receptor Interleukin-20...
to the superfamily of large GTPases which can be induced mainly by interferongamma. GBP2 gene is located in a various compartment in the cell: nucleus...
to stimulate T cells and increase production of cytokines such as interferon-gamma. CD27 has been shown to interact with SIVA1, TRAF2 and TRAF3. Some...
Global Information
(what is this?) (verify)