The crocodile icefish or white-blooded fish comprise a family (Channichthyidae) of notothenioid fish found in the Southern Ocean around Antarctica. They are the only known vertebrates to lack hemoglobin in their blood as adults.[2] Icefish populations are known to reside in the Atlantic and Indian sectors of the Southern Ocean, as well as the continental shelf waters surrounding Antarctica.[3] Water temperatures in these regions remain relatively stable, generally ranging from −1.8 to 2 °C (28.8 to 35.6 °F).[4] One icefish, Champsocephalus esox, is distributed north of the Antarctic Polar Frontal Zone.[3] At least 16 species of crocodile icefish are currently recognized,[2] although eight additional species have been proposed for the icefish genus Channichthys.[5]
In February 2021, scientists discovered and documented a breeding colony of Neopagetopsis ionah icefish estimated to have 60 million active nests across an area of approximately 92 square miles at the bottom of the Weddell Sea in Antarctica.[6] The majority of nests were occupied by one adult fish guarding an approximated estimate of 1,735 eggs in each nest.[7]
^Richard van der Laan; William N. Eschmeyer & Ronald Fricke (2014). "Family-group names of Recent fishes". Zootaxa. 3882 (2): 001–230. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.3882.1.1. PMID 25543675.
^ abCite error: The named reference Siddel2006 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^ abKock, KH (2005). "Antarctic icefishes (Channichthyidae): a unique family of fishes. A review, Part I". Polar Biology. 28 (11): 862–895. doi:10.1007/s00300-005-0019-z. S2CID 12382710.
^Clarke, A (1990). Kerry, K. R; Hempel, G (eds.). Temperature and evolution: Southern Ocean cooling and the Antarctic marine fauna. pp. 9–22. doi:10.1007/978-3-642-84074-6. ISBN 978-3-642-84076-0. S2CID 32563062. {{cite book}}: |journal= ignored (help)
^Voskoboinikova, Olga (2002). "Early life history of two Channichthys species from the Kerguelen Islands, Antarctica (Pisces: Notothenioidei: Channichthyidae)". Zoosystematica Rossica. 10 (2): 407–412. doi:10.31610/zsr/2001.10.2.407. S2CID 252225313.
^Imbler, Sabrina (13 January 2022). "'Major Discovery' Beneath Antarctic Seas: A Giant Icefish Breeding Colony". The New York Times.
^Purser, Autun; Hehemann, Laura; Boehringer, Lilian; Tippenhauer, Sandra; Wege, Mia; Bornemann, Horst; Pineda-Metz, Santiago E.A.; Flintrop, Clara M.; Koch, Florian; Hellmer, Hartmut H.; Burkhardt-Holm, Patricia; Janout, Markus; Werner, Ellen; Glemser, Barbara; Balaguer, Jenna; Rogge, Andreas; Holtappels, Moritz; Wenzhoefer, Frank (2022). "A vast icefish breeding colony discovered in the Antarctic". Current Biology. 32 (4): 842–850.e4. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2021.12.022. hdl:2263/90796. PMID 35030328. S2CID 245936769.
The crocodile icefish or white-blooded fish comprise a family (Channichthyidae) of notothenioid fish found in the Southern Ocean around Antarctica. They...
vertebrates contain hemoglobin, with the exception of the fish family Channichthyidae. Hemoglobin in the blood carries oxygen from the respiratory organs...
Nototheniidae, Harpagiferidae, Artedidraconidae, Bathydraconidae, Channichthyidae and Percophidae". The ETYFish Project Fish Name Etymology Database...
known from Southern Ocean snailfish. The crocodile icefish (family Channichthyidae), also known as white-blooded fish, are only found in the Southern...
vertebrates without red blood cells are the crocodile icefish (family Channichthyidae); they live in very oxygen-rich cold water and transport oxygen freely...
Nototheniidae, Harpagiferidae, Artedidraconidae, Bathydraconidae, Channichthyidae and Percophidae". The ETYFish Project Fish Name Etymology Database...
ocellated icefish (Chionodraco rastrospinosus) is a fish of the family Channichthyidae. It lives in the cold waters off Antarctica and is known for having...
icefish, is a species of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Channichthyidae, the crocodile icefishes. It is endemic to the Kerguelen Islands area...
two groups of fish, such as the loss of hemoglobin (in the family Channichthyidae) and changes in buoyancy. They are distributed mainly throughout the...
bathydemersal species of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Channichthyidae, the crocodile icefishes. It is endemic to the waters of the eastern...
Nototheniidae, Harpagiferidae, Artedidraconidae, Bathydraconidae, Channichthyidae and Percophidae". The ETYFish Project Fish Name Etymology Database...
icefish, is a species of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Channichthyidae, the crocodile icefishes. It is found in the Southern Ocean. Chionodraco...
icefish, is a species of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Channichthyidae, the crocodile icefishes. It is native to the Southern Ocean. This...
icefish, is a species of crocodile icefish belonging to the family Channichthyidae. The blackfin icefish belongs to Notothenioidei, a suborder of fishes...
Icefish may mean: Channichthyidae, the crocodile icefish or white-blooded fish of the Antarctic region, so-named for their cold habitat and clear (colorless)...
"icefish," which refers to the "white-blooded" fishes of the family Channichthyidae. See Icefish (disambiguation). Nototheniidae, the notothens or cod...
demersal species of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Channichthyidae, the crocodile icefishes. It occurs only in deep waters of the Southern...
icefish, is a species of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Channichthyidae, the crocodile icefishes. It is endemic to the Kerguelen Plateau area...
bathydemersal species of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Channichthyidae, the crocodile icefishes. It occurs in the Southern Ocean. The status...
hamatus is a species of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Channichthyidae, the crocodile icefishes. It is found in the Southern Ocean. Chionodraco...
macropterus species of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Channichthyidae, the crocodile icefishes. This species is found in the Southern Ocean...
Nototheniidae, Harpagiferidae, Artedidraconidae, Bathydraconidae, Channichthyidae and Percophidae". The ETYFish Project Fish Name Etymology Database...
icefish, is a species of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Channichthyidae, the crocodile icefishes. Champsocephalus esox was first formally described...
icefish, is a species of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Channichthyidae, the crocodile icefishes. It is endemic to the Kerguelen Islands in...
constituted the largest part of the seals' diet, with fish from the families Channichthyidae, Paralepididae, Nototheniidae, Microstomatidae and Notosudidae being...
icefish, is a species of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Channichthyidae, the crocodile icefishes. It is endemic to the Kerguelen-Heard Plateau...
maculata is a species of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Channichthyidae, the crocodile icefishes. It is found in the Southern Ocean. It is...
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