Antigen processing, or the cytosolic pathway, is an immunological process that prepares antigens for presentation to special cells of the immune system called T lymphocytes. It is considered to be a stage of antigen presentation pathways. This process involves two distinct pathways for processing of antigens from an organism's own (self) proteins or intracellular pathogens (e.g. viruses), or from phagocytosed pathogens (e.g. bacteria); subsequent presentation of these antigens on class I or class II major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules is dependent on which pathway is used. Both MHC class I and II are required to bind antigens before they are stably expressed on a cell surface. MHC I antigen presentation typically (considering cross-presentation) involves the endogenous pathway of antigen processing, and MHC II antigen presentation involves the exogenous pathway of antigen processing. Cross-presentation involves parts of the exogenous and the endogenous pathways but ultimately involves the latter portion of the endogenous pathway (e.g. proteolysis of antigens for binding to MHC I molecules).
While the joint distinction between the two pathways is useful, there are instances where extracellular-derived peptides are presented in the context of MHC class I and cytosolic peptides are presented in the context of MHC class II (this often happens in dendritic cells).
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Antigenprocessing, or the cytosolic pathway, is an immunological process that prepares antigens for presentation to special cells of the immune system...
cells recognize only fragmented antigens displayed on cell surfaces, antigenprocessing must occur before the antigen fragment can be recognized by a...
internalize antigens via receptor-mediated endocytosis and create MHC class II molecules plus peptide in the endosomal-lysosomal antigenprocessing compartment...
of its antigens) with its subsequent engulfing by B cells or macrophages. This activates the B cell only partially. Antigenprocessing. Antigen presentation...
function of MHC molecules: binding an antigen derived from self-proteins, or from pathogens, and bringing the antigen presentation to the cell surface for...
that recognize that antigen are activated and expanded, a process known as clonal selection. In most cases, antibodies are antigen-specific, meaning that...
Transporter associated with antigenprocessing (TAP) protein complex belongs to the ATP-binding-cassette transporter family. It delivers cytosolic peptides...
presentations. Defects are for example in transporter associated with antigenprocessing (TAP) or tapasin. On the other hand, a complete loss of MHC I is a...
Ig, the MHC is found only in jawed vertebrates. Genes involved in antigenprocessing and presentation, as well as the class I and class II genes, are closely...
Transporter associated with antigenprocessing 1 (TAP1) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TAP1 gene. A member of the ATP-binding cassette transporter...
molecules and the transporter associated with antigenprocessing (TAP), which is required for the transport of antigenic peptides across the endoplasmic reticulum...
is an M1 zinc aminopeptidase [Uniprot, A0A0A7E6D4] involved in the antigenprocessing and presentation pathway. ERAP1 is mainly located in the endoplasmic...
smaller amounts, usually result in better engagement of antigen presenting antigenprocessing cells for a satisfactory immune response. Injection of soluble...
response, professional antigen-presenting cells (APCs) endocytose antigens (typically bacteria or viruses), which undergo processing, then travel from the...
Tumor antigen is an antigenic substance produced in tumor cells, i.e., it triggers an immune response in the host. Tumor antigens are useful tumor markers...
foreign proteins via antigenprocessing. These result in peptide fragments, some of which are presented by MHC Class I to the T cell antigen receptor (TCR)...
The Kell antigen system (also known as the Kell–Cellano system) is a human blood group system, that is, a group of antigens on the human red blood cell...
HLA class II histocompatibility antigen gamma chain also known as HLA-DR antigens-associated invariant chain or CD74 (Cluster of Differentiation 74),...
transporter associated with antigenprocessing (TAP) complex. This association prepares the MHC class I to bind an antigen for presentation on the cell...
The antigenic molecules that activate γδ T cells are largely unknown. γδ T cells are peculiar in that they do not seem to require antigenprocessing and...
surface and recognizes native (unprocessed) antigen without any need for antigenprocessing. Such antigens may be large molecules found on the surfaces...
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