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T helper cell information


Activation of macrophage or B cell by T helper cell

The T helper cells (Th cells), also known as CD4+ cells or CD4-positive cells, are a type of T cell that play an important role in the adaptive immune system. They aid the activity of other immune cells by releasing cytokines. They are considered essential in B cell antibody class switching, breaking cross-tolerance in dendritic cells, in the activation and growth of cytotoxic T cells, and in maximizing bactericidal activity of phagocytes such as macrophages and neutrophils. CD4+ cells are mature Th cells that express the surface protein CD4. Genetic variation in regulatory elements expressed by CD4+ cells determines susceptibility to a broad class of autoimmune diseases.[1]

  1. ^ Burren OS, Rubio García A, Javierre BM, Rainbow DB, Cairns J, Cooper NJ, et al. (September 2017). "Chromosome contacts in activated T cells identify autoimmune disease candidate genes". Genome Biology. 18 (1): 165. doi:10.1186/s13059-017-1285-0. PMC 5584004. PMID 28870212.

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T helper cell

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The T helper cells (Th cells), also known as CD4+ cells or CD4-positive cells, are a type of T cell that play an important role in the adaptive immune...

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T helper 17 cell

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T helper 17 cells (Th17) are a subset of pro-inflammatory T helper cells defined by their production of interleukin 17 (IL-17). They are related to T...

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T cell

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CD4+ "helper" T cells. (These are named for the presence of the cell surface proteins CD8 or CD4.) CD8+ T cells, also known as "killer T cells", are cytotoxic...

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Follicular B helper T cells

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Follicular helper T cells (also known as T follicular helper cells and abbreviated as TFH), are antigen-experienced CD4+ T cells found in the periphery...

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T helper 3 cell

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T helper 3 cells (Th3) are a subset of T lymphocytes with immunoregulary and immunosuppressive functions, that can be induced by administration of foreign...

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T helper cell 22

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T helper cell 22, also known as the Th22 cell, are a type of immune cell. Th22 are a derivative of naïve CD4+ T cells induced by the ligand activation...

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Naive T cell

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forms of helper T cells (CD4+) and cytotoxic T cells (CD8+). Any naive T cell is considered immature and, unlike activated or memory T cells, has not...

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Cytotoxic T cell

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A cytotoxic T cell (also known as TC, cytotoxic T lymphocyte, CTL, T-killer cell, cytolytic T cell, CD8+ T-cell or killer T cell) is a T lymphocyte (a...

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Regulatory T cell

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regulatory T cells). These Treg cells are different from helper T cells. Another regulatory T cell subset is Treg17 cells. Regulatory T cells are involved...

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Gamma delta T cell

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Gamma delta T cells (γδ T cells) are T cells that have a γδ T-cell receptor (TCR) on their surface. Most T cells are αβ (alpha beta) T cells with TCR composed...

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Memory T cell

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cytotoxic T cells (CD8-positive) subset, similar populations appear to exist for both the helper T cells (CD4-positive) and the cytotoxic T cells. Primary...

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CAR T cell

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immunoreceptors, chimeric T cell receptors or artificial T cell receptors—are receptor proteins that have been engineered to give T cells the new ability to...

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Natural killer T cell

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killer T (NKT) cells are a heterogeneous group of T cells that share properties of both T cells and natural killer cells. Many of these cells recognize...

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Adaptive immune system

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activated it. Helper T-cells require a much milder activation stimulus than cytotoxic T cells. Helper T cells can provide extra signals that "help" activate...

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Polyclonal B cell response

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by B cells or macrophages. This activates the B cell only partially. Antigen processing. Antigen presentation. Activation of the T helper cells by antigen-presenting...

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Humoral immunity

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cell waits for a helper T cell (TH) to bind to the complex. This binding will activate the TH cell, which then releases cytokines that induce B cells...

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Centroblast

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from naive B cells being exposed to follicular dendritic cell cytokines, such as IL-6, IL-15, 8D6, and BAFF. Stimulation from helper T cells is also required...

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Cluster of differentiation

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Pai SY (February 2009). "GATA3 and the T-cell lineage: essential functions before and after T-helper-2-cell differentiation". Nature Reviews Immunology...

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Lymphocyte

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case of B cells), cytotoxic granules (cytotoxic T cells) or by signaling to other cells of the immune system (helper T cells). Memory T cells remain in...

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White blood cell

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cells and macrophages. Monocytes, macrophages, and neutrophils are phagocytic. Lymphoid cells (lymphocytes) include T cells (subdivided into helper T...

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CD4

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for the T-cell receptor (TCR). CD4 is found on the surface of immune cells such as helper T cells, monocytes, macrophages, and dendritic cells. It was...

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Th22 cell

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Th22 cells (T helper cells type 22) are subpopulation of CD4+ T cells that produce interleukin-22 (IL-22). They play a role in the protective mechanisms...

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Dendritic cell

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CD8+ T cells, the formation of CD8+ memory T cells requires the interaction of dendritic cells with CD4+ helper T cells. This help from CD4+ T cells additionally...

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