Gamma delta T cells (γδ T cells) are T cells that have a γδ T-cell receptor (TCR) on their surface. Most T cells are αβ (alpha beta) T cells with TCR composed of two glycoprotein chains called α (alpha) and β (beta) TCR chains. In contrast, γδ T cells have a TCR that is made up of one γ (gamma) chain and one δ (delta) chain. This group of T cells is usually less common than αβ T cells. Their highest abundance is in the gut mucosa, within a population of lymphocytes known as intraepithelial lymphocytes (IELs).[1]
The antigenic molecules that activate γδ T cells are largely unknown. γδ T cells are peculiar in that they do not seem to require antigen processing and major-histocompatibility-complex (MHC) presentation of peptide epitopes, although some recognize MHC class Ib molecules. γδ T cells are believed to have a prominent role in lipid antigen recognition. They are of an invariant nature. They may be triggered by alarm signals such as heat shock proteins (HSP).
A γδ-T-cell sub-population exists within the epidermal compartment of mice skin. Originally referred to as Thy-1+ dendritic epidermal cells (Thy1+DEC),[2] these cells are more commonly known as dendritic epidermal T cells (DETC). DETCs arise during fetal development and express an invariant and canonical Vγ3 Vδ1 T-cell receptor (using Garman nomenclature).[3]
^Holtmeier W, Kabelitz (2005). "Γδ T Cells Link Innate and Adaptive Immune Responses". Mechanisms of Epithelial Defense. Chemical Immunology and Allergy. Vol. 86. pp. 151–183. doi:10.1159/000086659. ISBN 3-8055-7862-8. PMID 15976493.
^Bergstresser PR, Sullivan S, Streilein JW, Tigelaar RE (July 1985). "Origin and function of Thy-1+ dendritic epidermal cells in mice". The Journal of Investigative Dermatology. 85 (1 Suppl): 85s–90s. doi:10.1111/1523-1747.ep12275516. PMID 2409184.
GammadeltaTcells (γδ Tcells) are Tcells that have a γδ T-cell receptor (TCR) on their surface. Most Tcells are αβ (alpha beta) Tcells with TCR composed...
alpha-beta TCRs (αβ Tcells), but some Tcells in epithelial tissues (like the gut) express gamma-delta TCRs (gammadeltaTcells), which recognize non-protein...
organism's lifetime. GammadeltaTcells (γδ Tcells) possess an alternative Tcell receptor (TCR) as opposed to CD4+ and CD8+ αβ Tcells and share characteristics...
cell (leukocyte) in the immune system of most vertebrates. Lymphocytes include Tcells (for cell-mediated and cytotoxic adaptive immunity), B cells (for...
antibody-producing B cells. GammadeltaTcells (γδ Tcells) possess an alternative T-cell receptor (TCR) as opposed to CD4+ and CD8+ (αβ) Tcells and share the...
gamma release assay used to test for tuberculosis. In humans, the IFNG protein is encoded by the IFNG gene. Through cell signaling, interferon gamma plays...
The T helper cells (Th cells), also known as CD4+ cells or CD4-positive cells, are a type of Tcell that play an important role in the adaptive immune...
et al. (July 1989). "Clonal expansion of lymphocytes bearing the gammadeltaT-cell receptor in a patient with large granular lymphocyte disorder". Blood...
proportions. In humans, the majority of IELs are alpha beta Tcells. 15% of IELs are gammadeltaTcells and thus represent a minor component of human IELs. However...
into helper T cells, memory Tcells, cytotoxic Tcells), B cells (subdivided into plasma cells and memory B cells), and natural killer cells. Historically...
thought to occur because of its potential to activate human gammadeltaTcell (γδ Tcells). There is a risk of severe renal impairment. Appropriate hydration...
adult human body is estimated to contain about 30 trillion (3×1013) human cells, with the number varying between 20 to 40 trillion depending on factors...
ln Q r , {\displaystyle \Delta G=\Delta H-T\Delta S=\Delta G^{\ominus }+kT\ln Q_{r},} and the cell potential, E = E ⊖ − k T z e ln Q r . {\displaystyle...
In probability theory and statistics, the gamma distribution is a versatile two-parameter family of continuous probability distributions. The exponential...
PMID 17170719. Ashihara E, Nakamura S, Inaba T, et al. (2007). "A novel AF10-CALM fusion transcript in gamma/delta-Tcell type lymphoblastic lymphoma". Am. J....
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