Polyclonal response by B cells against linear epitopes[1]Examples of substances recognized as foreign (non-self)
Polyclonal B cell response is a natural mode of immune response exhibited by the adaptive immune system of mammals. It ensures that a single antigen is recognized and attacked through its overlapping parts, called epitopes, by multiple clones of B cell.[1][2]
In the course of normal immune response, parts of pathogens (e.g. bacteria) are recognized by the immune system as foreign (non-self), and eliminated or effectively neutralized to reduce their potential damage. Such a recognizable substance is called an antigen. The immune system may respond in multiple ways to an antigen; a key feature of this response is the production of antibodies by B cells (or B lymphocytes) involving an arm of the immune system known as humoral immunity. The antibodies are soluble and do not require direct cell-to-cell contact between the pathogen and the B-cell to function.
Antigens can be large and complex substances, and any single antibody can only bind to a small, specific area on the antigen. Consequently, an effective immune response often involves the production of many different antibodies by many different B cells against the same antigen. Hence the term "polyclonal", which derives from the words poly, meaning many, and clones from Greek klōn, meaning sprout or twig;[3][4][5] a clone is a group of cells arising from a common "mother" cell. The antibodies thus produced in a polyclonal response are known as polyclonal antibodies. The heterogeneous polyclonal antibodies are distinct from monoclonal antibody molecules, which are identical and react against a single epitope only, i.e., are more specific.
Although the polyclonal response confers advantages on the immune system, in particular, greater probability of reacting against pathogens, it also increases chances of developing certain autoimmune diseases resulting from the reaction of the immune system against native molecules produced within the host.
^ abGoldsby, Richard; Kindt, TJ; Osborne, BA; Janis Kuby (2003). "Antigens (Chapter 3)". Immunology (Fifth ed.). New York: W. H. Freeman and Company. pp. 57–75. ISBN 978-0716749479.
^"Definition of Polyclonal from MedicineNet.com". Webster's New World Medical Dictionary. Archived from the original on 2012-08-07. Retrieved 2008-05-03.
^Cite error: The named reference url was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^"Etymology of "clone"". Online etymology dictionary. Retrieved 2008-06-26.
^Bansal, R.K. (2005). "Reproductive Cloning-An Act Of Human Rights Violation". Journal of Indian Association of Forensic Medicine. 27 (3): 971–973. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2019-12-16. Retrieved 2008-06-23.
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