Vital immune process that is essential for T cell immune response triggering
Antigen presentation stimulates T cells to become either "cytotoxic" CD8+ cells or "helper" CD4+ cells.
Antigen presentation is a vital immune process that is essential for T cell immune response triggering. Because T cells recognize only fragmented antigens displayed on cell surfaces, antigen processing must occur before the antigen fragment can be recognized by a T-cell receptor. Specifically, the fragment, bound to the major histocompatibility complex (MHC), is transported to the surface of the cell, a process known as presentation. If there has been an infection with viruses or bacteria, the cell will present an endogenous or exogenous peptide fragment derived from the antigen by MHC molecules. There are two types of MHC molecules which differ in the behaviour of the antigens: MHC class I molecules (MHC-I) bind peptides from the cell cytosol, while peptides generated in the endocytic vesicles after internalisation are bound to MHC class II (MHC-II).[1] Cellular membranes separate these two cellular environments - intracellular and extracellular. Each T cell can only recognize tens to hundreds of copies of a unique sequence of a single peptide among thousands of other peptides presented on the same cell, because an MHC molecule in one cell can bind to quite a large range of peptides.[2][3] Predicting which (fragments of) antigens will be presented to the immune system by a certain MHC/HLA type is difficult, but the technology involved is improving.[4]
^Janeway Jr CA, Travers P, Walport M, Shlomchik MJ (2001-01-01). "Chapter 5 Antigen Presentation to T Lymphocytes". Immunobiology: The Immune System in Health and Disease. 5th edition. Garland Science.
^Purcell AW, Croft NP, Tscharke DC (June 2016). "Immunology by numbers: quantitation of antigen presentation completes the quantitative milieu of systems immunology!". Current Opinion in Immunology. 40: 88–95. doi:10.1016/j.coi.2016.03.007. PMID 27060633.
^Janeway Jr CA, Travers P, Walport M, Shlomchik MJ (2001-01-01). "The major histocompatibility complex and its functions". Immunobiology: The Immune System in Health and Disease (5th ed.). Garland Science.
^Bouzid R, de Beijer MT, Luijten RJ, Bezstarosti K, Kessler AL, Bruno MJ, Peppelenbosch MP, Demmers JA, Buschow SI (May 2021). "Empirical Evaluation of the Use of Computational HLA Binding as an Early Filter to the Mass Spectrometry-Based Epitope Discovery Workflow". Cancers. 13 (10): 2307. doi:10.3390/cancers13102307. PMC 8150281. PMID 34065814.
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histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules normally found only on professional antigen-presenting cells such as dendritic cells, mononuclear phagocytes, some...
of MHC molecules: binding an antigen derived from self-proteins, or from pathogens, and bringing the antigenpresentation to the cell surface for recognition...
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recognition of specific "non-self" antigens during a process called antigenpresentation. Antigen specificity allows for the generation of responses that are...
phagocytosis, macrophages and dendritic cells can also participate in antigenpresentation, a process in which a phagocyte moves parts of the ingested material...
derived, and express high levels of MHC class II proteins used for antigenpresentation. This confirmed Pio Del Rio-Hortega's postulate that microglial cells...
"low-affinity" receptor FcεRII, or CD23. CD23 may also allow facilitated antigenpresentation, an IgE-dependent mechanism whereby B cells expressing CD23 are able...
tag-based searching. Antigenpresentation is the first step in educating the immune system to recognize new pathogens. To this end, antigen presenting cells...
prior exposure to a specific antigen and contrasts the immune system's conventional role in eliminating foreign antigens. Depending on the site of induction...
those of macrophages and neutrophils, as DCs are mainly involved in antigenpresentation rather than pathogen degradation. They need to retain protein fragments...
antigens) with its subsequent engulfing by B cells or macrophages. This activates the B cell only partially. Antigen processing. Antigenpresentation...
intermediate subpopulation is important for antigenpresentation and T lymphocyte stimulation. Briefly, antigenpresentation describes a process during which microbial...
molecules or other related antigen-presentation molecules. An indirect example of this is the processing of the glycolipid antigen lipoarabinomannan, derived...
platform for monoclonal antibody induction. No risk for infections Antigenpresentation by both MHC class I and class II molecules Polarise T-cell response...
The human leukocyte antigen (HLA) system or complex of genes on chromosome 6 in humans which encode cell-surface proteins responsible for regulation of...
and B cells is to recognize specific "non-self" antigens, during a process known as antigenpresentation. Once they have identified an invader, the cells...
functions: phagocytosis and antigenpresentation. Phagocytosis is the main process of macrophages and antigenpresentation the main property of dendritic...
Tumor cells also have defects in antigenpresentation pathway, what leads into down-regulation of tumor antigenpresentations. Defects are for example in transporter...
molecules. It is in this way, the MHC class I-dependent pathway of antigenpresentation, that the virus infected cells signal T-cells that abnormal proteins...
protease that may participate in the degradation of antigenic proteins to peptides for presentation to the MHC class II. Cathepsin S can function as an...
(Abbreviated Ii) is a polypeptide which plays a critical role in antigenpresentation. It is involved in the formation and transport of MHC class II peptide...
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