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Oxidative stress information


Oxidative stress mechanisms in tissue injury. Free radical toxicity induced by xenobiotics and the subsequent detoxification by cellular enzymes (termination).

Oxidative stress reflects an imbalance between the systemic manifestation of reactive oxygen species and a biological system's ability to readily detoxify the reactive intermediates or to repair the resulting damage.[1] Disturbances in the normal redox state of cells can cause toxic effects through the production of peroxides and free radicals that damage all components of the cell, including proteins, lipids, and DNA. Oxidative stress from oxidative metabolism causes base damage, as well as strand breaks in DNA. Base damage is mostly indirect and caused by the reactive oxygen species generated, e.g., O2− (superoxide radical), OH (hydroxyl radical) and H2O2 (hydrogen peroxide).[2] Further, some reactive oxidative species act as cellular messengers in redox signaling. Thus, oxidative stress can cause disruptions in normal mechanisms of cellular signaling.

In humans, oxidative stress is thought to be involved in the development of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder,[3] cancer,[4] Parkinson's disease,[5] Lafora disease,[6] Alzheimer's disease,[7] atherosclerosis,[8] heart failure,[9] myocardial infarction,[10][11] fragile X syndrome,[12] sickle-cell disease,[13] lichen planus,[14] vitiligo,[15] autism,[16] infection, chronic fatigue syndrome,[17] and depression;[18] however, reactive oxygen species can be beneficial, as they are used by the immune system as a way to attack and kill pathogens.[19] Short-term oxidative stress may also be important in prevention of aging by induction of a process named mitohormesis,[20] and is required to initiate stress response processes in plants.[21]

  1. ^ "Oxidative Stress". Handbook of Disease Burdens and Quality of Life Measures. New York, NY: Springer New York. 2010. p. 4278–4278. doi:10.1007/978-0-387-78665-0_6275. ISBN 978-0-387-78664-3. Definition: Imbalance between oxidants and antioxidants in favor of the oxidants.
  2. ^ Birnboim HC (September 1986). "DNA strand breaks in human leukocytes induced by superoxide anion, hydrogen peroxide and tumor promoters are repaired slowly compared to breaks induced by ionizing radiation". Carcinogenesis. 7 (9): 1511–1517. doi:10.1093/carcin/7.9.1511. PMID 3017600.
  3. ^ Joseph N, Zhang-James Y, Perl A, Faraone SV (November 2015). "Oxidative Stress and ADHD: A Meta-Analysis". Journal of Attention Disorders. 19 (11): 915–924. doi:10.1177/1087054713510354. PMC 5293138. PMID 24232168.
  4. ^ Cite error: The named reference cancer was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  5. ^ Hwang O (March 2013). "Role of oxidative stress in Parkinson's disease". Experimental Neurobiology. 22 (1): 11–17. doi:10.5607/en.2013.22.1.11. PMC 3620453. PMID 23585717.
  6. ^ Romá-Mateo C, Aguado C, García-Giménez JL, Ibáñez-Cabellos JS, Seco-Cervera M, Pallardó FV, et al. (2015). "Increased oxidative stress and impaired antioxidant response in Lafora disease". Molecular Neurobiology. 51 (3): 932–946. doi:10.1007/s12035-014-8747-0. hdl:10261/123869. PMID 24838580. S2CID 13096853.
  7. ^ Valko M, Leibfritz D, Moncol J, Cronin MT, Mazur M, Telser J (2007). "Free radicals and antioxidants in normal physiological functions and human disease". The International Journal of Biochemistry & Cell Biology. 39 (1): 44–84. doi:10.1016/j.biocel.2006.07.001. PMID 16978905.
  8. ^ Bonomini F, Tengattini S, Fabiano A, Bianchi R, Rezzani R (March 2008). "Atherosclerosis and oxidative stress". Histology and Histopathology. 23 (3): 381–390. doi:10.14670/HH-23.381. PMID 18072094.
  9. ^ Singh N, Dhalla AK, Seneviratne C, Singal PK (1995). "Oxidative stress and heart failure". Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry. 147 (1–2): 77–81. doi:10.1007/BF00944786. PMID 7494558. S2CID 21662824.
  10. ^ Ramond A, Godin-Ribuot D, Ribuot C, Totoson P, Koritchneva I, Cachot S, et al. (June 2013). "Oxidative stress mediates cardiac infarction aggravation induced by intermittent hypoxia". Fundamental & Clinical Pharmacology. 27 (3): 252–261. doi:10.1111/j.1472-8206.2011.01015.x. PMID 22145601. S2CID 40420948.
  11. ^ Dean OM, van den Buuse M, Berk M, Copolov DL, Mavros C, Bush AI (July 2011). "N-acetyl cysteine restores brain glutathione loss in combined 2-cyclohexene-1-one and d-amphetamine-treated rats: relevance to schizophrenia and bipolar disorder". Neuroscience Letters. 499 (3): 149–153. doi:10.1016/j.neulet.2011.05.027. PMID 21621586. S2CID 32986064.
  12. ^ de Diego-Otero Y, Romero-Zerbo Y, el Bekay R, Decara J, Sanchez L, Rodriguez-de Fonseca F, del Arco-Herrera I (March 2009). "Alpha-tocopherol protects against oxidative stress in the fragile X knockout mouse: an experimental therapeutic approach for the Fmr1 deficiency". Neuropsychopharmacology. 34 (4): 1011–1026. doi:10.1038/npp.2008.152. PMID 18843266.
  13. ^ Amer J, Ghoti H, Rachmilewitz E, Koren A, Levin C, Fibach E (January 2006). "Red blood cells, platelets and polymorphonuclear neutrophils of patients with sickle cell disease exhibit oxidative stress that can be ameliorated by antioxidants". British Journal of Haematology. 132 (1): 108–113. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2141.2005.05834.x. PMID 16371026.
  14. ^ Aly DG, Shahin RS (2010). "Oxidative stress in lichen planus". Acta Dermatovenerologica Alpina, Pannonica, et Adriatica. 19 (1): 3–11. PMID 20372767.
  15. ^ Arican O, Kurutas EB (March 2008). "Oxidative stress in the blood of patients with active localized vitiligo". Acta Dermatovenerologica Alpina, Pannonica, et Adriatica. 17 (1): 12–16. PMID 18454264.
  16. ^ James SJ, Cutler P, Melnyk S, Jernigan S, Janak L, Gaylor DW, Neubrander JA (December 2004). "Metabolic biomarkers of increased oxidative stress and impaired methylation capacity in children with autism". The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 80 (6): 1611–1617. doi:10.1093/ajcn/80.6.1611. PMID 15585776.
  17. ^ Kennedy G, Spence VA, McLaren M, Hill A, Underwood C, Belch JJ (September 2005). "Oxidative stress levels are raised in chronic fatigue syndrome and are associated with clinical symptoms". Free Radical Biology & Medicine. 39 (5): 584–589. doi:10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2005.04.020. PMID 16085177.
  18. ^ Jiménez-Fernández S, Gurpegui M, Díaz-Atienza F, Pérez-Costillas L, Gerstenberg M, Correll CU (December 2015). "Oxidative stress and antioxidant parameters in patients with major depressive disorder compared to healthy controls before and after antidepressant treatment: results from a meta-analysis". The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry. 76 (12): 1658–1667. doi:10.4088/JCP.14r09179. hdl:10630/29937. PMID 26579881.
  19. ^ Segal AW (2005). "How neutrophils kill microbes". Annual Review of Immunology. 23: 197–223. doi:10.1146/annurev.immunol.23.021704.115653. PMC 2092448. PMID 15771570.
  20. ^ Gems D, Partridge L (March 2008). "Stress-response hormesis and aging: "that which does not kill us makes us stronger"". Cell Metabolism. 7 (3): 200–203. doi:10.1016/j.cmet.2008.01.001. PMID 18316025.
  21. ^ Waszczak C, Carmody M, Kangasjärvi J (April 2018). "Reactive Oxygen Species in Plant Signaling". Annual Review of Plant Biology. 69 (1): 209–236. doi:10.1146/annurev-arplant-042817-040322. PMID 29489394.

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Oxidative stress

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enzyme systems like superoxide dismutase, can prevent damage from oxidative stress. Known dietary antioxidants are vitamins A, C, and E, but the term...

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often target oxidative stress and excitotoxicity—both of which are highly associated with CNS disorders. Not only can oxidative stress and excitotoxicity...

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Stress

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condition Stress (mechanics), the internal forces that neighboring particles of a continuous material exert on each other Oxidative stress, an imbalance...

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Reactive oxygen species

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structures. Cumulatively, this is known as oxidative stress. The production of ROS is strongly influenced by stress factor responses in plants, these factors...

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notably, SOD1 is pivotal in reactive oxygen species (ROS) release during oxidative stress by ischemia-reperfusion injury, specifically in the myocardium as part...

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give rise to allantoin, which is thus a suitable biomarker to measure oxidative stress in chronic illnesses and senescence. Biology portal Medicine portal...

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Oxidative phosphorylation

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Oxidative phosphorylation uses these molecules and O2 to produce ATP, which is used throughout the cell whenever energy is needed. During oxidative phosphorylation...

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Metallothionein

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cortex. MT plays a role in the protection against metal toxicity and oxidative stress, and is involved in zinc and copper regulation. There are four main...

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Superoxide dismutase

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acclimating to increased levels of oxidative stress, SOD concentrations typically increase with the degree of stress conditions. The compartmentalization...

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recognized diagnosis. Metabolic risk factors such as hyperglycaemia, oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation are common processes thought to be contributors...

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studies have shown that telomeres accumulate damage due to oxidative stress and that oxidative stress-mediated DNA damage has a major influence on telomere...

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cells is a measure of cellular oxidative stress where increased GSSG-to-GSH ratio is indicative of greater oxidative stress. In the reduced state, the thiol...

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anaerobic respiration, but obligate aerobes are subject to high levels of oxidative stress. Among organisms, almost all animals, most fungi, and several bacteria...

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abnormalities in the immune system, abnormalities in myelination, and oxidative stress. The first formulations of the dopamine hypothesis of schizophrenia...

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against pro-oxidative conditions. There is a feedback regulation balance between reductive and oxidative stress where chronic RS induce oxidative species...

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correlated with increased levels of oxidative stress and decreased machinery repair in rainbow trout. During high oxidative stress, the mitochondria are the most...

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palmitoylation. Bacterial NOS (bNOS) has been shown to protect bacteria against oxidative stress, diverse antibiotics, and host immune response. bNOS plays a key role...

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significant oxidative stress in the mitochondria with high mutation rates of mitochondrial DNA. Hypothesized links between aging and oxidative stress are not...

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Melatonin

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bacteria, melatonin primarily serves as a defense mechanism against oxidative stress, indicating its evolutionary significance. The mitochondria, key organelles...

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form glutathione (GSH), which is a critical molecule in resisting oxidative stress and maintaining the reducing environment of the cell. Glutathione reductase...

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functional pathways involved in the microbial response to oxidative stress. This oxidative stress can promote the growth of certain species such as R. gnavus...

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and Sertoli cells seen in wild-type mice. Oxidative stress in wild-type mice ordinarily induces oxidative DNA damage (measured as 8-oxodG) in sperm with...

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reduction of the cells' DNA repair capacity, the loss of telomeres, oxidative stress, etc. It is believed that external factors cause a large portion of...

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nitric oxide. In addition, the chronic arsenic exposure induces high oxidative stress, which may affect the structure and function of cardiovascular system...

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