Aerobic and anaerobic bacteria can be identified by growing them in test tubes of thioglycollate broth: 1: Obligate aerobes need oxygen because they cannot ferment or respire anaerobically. They gather at the top of the tube where the oxygen concentration is highest. 2: Obligate anaerobes are poisoned by oxygen, so they gather at the bottom of the tube where the oxygen concentration is lowest. 3: Facultative anaerobes can grow with or without oxygen because they can metabolise energy aerobically or anaerobically. They gather mostly at the top because aerobic respiration generates more ATP than either fermentation or anaerobic respiration. 4: Microaerophiles need oxygen because they cannot ferment or respire anaerobically. However, they are poisoned by high concentrations of oxygen. They gather in the upper part of the test tube but not the very top. 5: Aerotolerant organisms do not require oxygen as they metabolise energy anaerobically. Unlike obligate anaerobes however, they are not poisoned by oxygen. They can be found evenly spread throughout the test tube.
An obligate aerobe is an organism that requires oxygen to grow.[1] Through cellular respiration, these organisms use oxygen to metabolise substances, like sugars or fats, to obtain energy.[1][2] In this type of respiration, oxygen serves as the terminal electron acceptor for the electron transport chain.[1] Aerobic respiration has the advantage of yielding more energy (adenosine triphosphate or ATP) than fermentation or anaerobic respiration,[3] but obligate aerobes are subject to high levels of oxidative stress.[2]
Table 1. Terms used to describe O2 Relations of Microorganisms.[4]
Group
Environment
O2 Effect
Aerobic
Anaerobic
Obligate Aerobe
Growth
No growth
Required (used for aerobic respiration)
Obligate Anaerobe
No growth
Growth
Toxic
Facultative Anaerobe (Facultative Aerobe)
Growth
Growth
Not required for growth but used when available
Microaerophile
Growth if level is not too high
No growth
Required but at levels below 0.2 atm
Aerotolerant Anaerobe
Growth
Growth
Not required and not used
^ abcPrescott LM, Harley JP, Klein DA (1996). Microbiology (3rd ed.). Wm. C. Brown Publishers. pp. 130–131. ISBN 0-697-29390-4.
^ ab"Obligate aerobe - definition from Biology-Online.org." Biology Online. Biology-Online, n.d. Web. 12 Dec 2009. <http://www.biology-online.org/dictionary/Obligate_aerobe>
^Hogg, S. (2005). Essential Microbiology (1st ed.). Wiley. pp. 99–100, 118–148. ISBN 0-471-49754-1.
^WI, Kenneth Todar, Madison. "Nutrition and Growth of Bacteria". textbookofbacteriology.net. Retrieved 2021-04-20.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
An obligateaerobe is an organism that requires oxygen to grow. Through cellular respiration, these organisms use oxygen to metabolise substances, like...
Obligateaerobe, an organism that cannot survive without oxygen Obligate anaerobe, an organism that cannot survive in the presence of oxygen Obligate...
the ocean"), and could be the longest-living life forms ever found. Obligateaerobes need oxygen to grow. In a process known as cellular respiration, these...
Obligate anaerobes are microorganisms killed by normal atmospheric concentrations of oxygen (20.95% O2). Oxygen tolerance varies between species, with...
mutations to be either obligateaerobes or anaerobes, there were varying levels of chromatin-remodeling proteins. The obligateaerobes were later found to...
are obligateaerobes, requiring oxygen to survive. However, some species, such as the Chytridiomycota that reside in the rumen of cattle, are obligate anaerobes;...
an encapsulated yeast belonging to the class Tremellomycetes and an obligateaerobe that can live in both plants and animals. Its teleomorph is a filamentous...
environmental conditions. B. subtilis has historically been classified as an obligateaerobe, though evidence exists that it is a facultative anaerobe. B. subtilis...
the family Micrococcaceae. It is urease and catalase positive. An obligateaerobe, M. luteus is found in soil, dust, water and air, and as part of the...
fermentation industry efficiently producing acetic acid from alcohol as an obligateaerobe dependent on oxygen as the terminal electron acceptor. A. aceti, classified...
cocci differ physiologically and by habitat. Micrococcus spp. are obligateaerobes that inhabit human skin. Staphylococcus spp. also inhabit human skin...
at a temperature range of 28 °C to 30 °C. The optimal growth of the obligateaerobe L. interrogans occurs in simple media containing vitamins, salts, and...
contrast, obligate anaerobes can be harmed by reactive oxygen molecules.[citation needed] There are three categories of anaerobes. Where obligateaerobes require...
differentiation of obligateaerobes, obligate anaerobes, facultative anaerobes, microaerophiles, and aerotolerant organisms. For example, obligately anaerobic...
bacteria to which this genus belongs. Bacillus species can be either obligateaerobes which are dependent on oxygen, or facultative anaerobes which can survive...
densities in salt ponds that oxygen is quickly depleted. Though it is an obligateaerobe, it is able to survive in low-oxygen conditions by utilizing light...
growth obligate-anaerobes grow only in complete absence of oxygen facultative aerobes-can grow either in presence or minimal oxygen obligateaerobes-grow...
Tsukuba, Japan). R. depolymerans is a bacteriochlorophyll a-containing obligateaerobe in the β-subclass of the Proteobacteria. The cells are motile, straight...
versatile metabolism, and can be found in the soil and in water. It is an obligateaerobe, but certain strains are capable of using nitrate instead of oxygen...
tetracycline. Lysinibacillus fusiformis tests positive for oxidase and is an obligateaerobe. This means that it can utilize oxygen to metabolize various sugars...
diversifies into different strains in the lab. Azotobacter vinelandii, obligateaerobe diazotroph used in nitrogen fixation research. Streptomyces coelicolor...
Pseudomonadota. Bordetella species, with the exception of B. petrii, are obligateaerobes, as well as highly fastidious, or difficult to culture. All species...
commonly found in soil. All species in this genus are Gram-positive obligateaerobes that are rods during exponential growth and cocci in their stationary...
Derxia gummosa is a Gram-negative, rod-shaped, nitrogen-fixing, obligateaerobe bacterium of the genus Derxia. Colonies of D. gummosa produce a tenacious...
and reproduce via budding or binary fission. Nitrobacter cells are obligateaerobes and have a doubling time of about 13 hours. Nitrobacter play an important...
certain foods and chemicals. All acetic acid bacteria are rod-shaped and obligateaerobes. Acetic acid bacteria are airborne and are ubiquitous in nature. They...
Electron acceptor Products Eo′ (V) Example organisms Aerobic respiration Obligateaerobes and facultative anaerobes O2 H2O, CO2 +0.82 Aerobic prokaryotes Perchlorate...
Leptospira kirschneri is a Gram negative, obligateaerobe species of spirochete bacteria named for University of Otago bacteriologist Dr. Leopold Kirschner...
temperature range of 34-36°C. Like other Myxococcus bacteria, it is an obligateaerobe, meaning it requires oxygen for aerobic respiration to maintain cellular...
Global Information