This article is about the biological definition of the word Lysis. For other uses, see Lysis (disambiguation).
Lysis (/ˈlaɪsɪs/LY-sis) is the breaking down of the membrane of a cell, often by viral, enzymic, or osmotic (that is, "lytic" /ˈlɪtɪk/LIT-ik) mechanisms that compromise its integrity. A fluid containing the contents of lysed cells is called a lysate. In molecular biology, biochemistry, and cell biology laboratories, cell cultures may be subjected to lysis in the process of purifying their components, as in protein purification, DNA extraction, RNA extraction, or in purifying organelles.
Many species of bacteria are subject to lysis by the enzyme lysozyme, found in animal saliva, egg white, and other secretions.[1] Phage lytic enzymes (lysins) produced during bacteriophage infection are responsible for the ability of these viruses to lyse bacterial cells.[2] Penicillin and related β-lactam antibiotics cause the death of bacteria through enzyme-mediated lysis that occurs after the drug causes the bacterium to form a defective cell wall.[3] If the cell wall is completely lost and the penicillin was used on gram-positive bacteria, then the bacterium is referred to as a protoplast, but if penicillin was used on gram-negative bacteria, then it is called a spheroplast.
^P. Jollès, ed. (1996). Lysozymes--model enzymes in biochemistry and biology. Basel: Birkhäuser Verlag. pp. 35–64. ISBN 978-3-7643-5121-2.
^Nelson, D.; Loomis, L.; Fischetti, V. A. (20 March 2001). "Prevention and elimination of upper respiratory colonization of mice by group A streptococci by using a bacteriophage lytic enzyme". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 98 (7): 4107–12. Bibcode:2001PNAS...98.4107N. doi:10.1073/pnas.061038398. PMC 31187. PMID 11259652.
^Scholar, E. M.; Pratt, W. B. (2000). The antimicrobial drugs (2nd ed.). Oxford University Press. pp. 61–64. ISBN 978-0-19-975971-2.
damage the pathogens. Cell lysis is used in laboratories to break open cells and purify or further study their contents. Lysis in the laboratory may be...
For lysis buffers targeted at protein extraction, protease inhibitors are often included, and in difficult cases may be almost required. Lysis buffers...
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several methods for cell lysis, including alkaline lysis, mechanical lysis, and enzymatic lysis. The most common method is alkaline lysis, which involves the...
nephrolithiasis, are not features of tumor lysis syndrome.[citation needed] Lactic acidosis. Pretreatment spontaneous tumor lysis syndrome. This entity is associated...
prevent the build-up of water and the otherwise subsequent lysis. Cell disruption Crenation Lysis Osmotic pressure Plasmolysis Water intoxication Alberts...
Lysis of Taras (/ˈlaɪsɪs/; Greek: Λῦσις; fl. c. 5th-century BC) was a Greek philosopher. His life is obscure. He was said to have been a friend and disciple...
The Ham test is a blood test used in the diagnosis of paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH). Patient red blood cells (RBCs) are placed in mild acid;...
20 min after infection. The fourth pathway is for lysis. In lambda 5 proteins are involved in lysis: the holin and antiholin from gene S, the endolysin...
Alkaline lysis or alkaline extraction is a method used in molecular biology to isolate plasmid DNA from bacteria. Bacteria containing the plasmid of interest...
the red blood cell's cytoplasmic membrane, causing lysis and eventually cell death. From hemo- + -lysis, from Ancient Greek αἷμα (haîma, 'blood') + λύσις...
classic complement pathway, leading to the lysis of cells that are sensitive to complement. In the sucrose lysis test, patient RBCs are washed and resuspended...
The euglobulin lysis time (ELT) is a test that measures overall fibrinolysis. The test is performed by mixing citrated platelet-poor plasma with acid...
is that between the two decisions; lysogeny and lysis on infection, and continuing lysogeny or lysis from a prophage. The latter is determined solely...
Dismorphia lysis, the dainty egg white or Lysis mimic white, is a butterfly in the family Pieridae. It is found from Ecuador to southern Peru. The habitat...
with other resuspension buffers and lysis buffers to release DNA from cells, often as part of the alkaline lysis method of purifying plasmid DNA from...
surgery. Testing of overall fibrinolysis can be measured by a euglobulin lysis time (ELT) assay. The ELT measures fibrinolysis by clotting the euglobulin...
infect bacteria and may lead to bacterial cell lysis. The bacterial strain is assigned a type based on its lysis pattern. Phage typing was used to trace the...
increase blood uric acid levels by interfering with renal clearance. Tumor lysis syndrome, a metabolic complication of certain cancers or chemotherapy, due...
adhaerēre to adhere + -iōn- -ion. The act, state or quality of adhering. Lysis, (Greek) lýsis a loosening, releasing; combining form as with adhesiolysis means...
protein for Qβ and has an additional role of being the lysis protein. The mechanism of lysis is similar to that of penicillin; A2 inhibits the formation...
phosphoribosyltransferase. Allopurinol was also commonly used to treat tumor lysis syndrome in chemotherapeutic treatments, as these regimens can rapidly produce...
involves the encapsulation of cells in a low-melting-point agarose suspension, lysis of the cells in neutral or alkaline (pH>13) conditions, and electrophoresis...
to a spectrum of cell behavior, from membrane blebbing to instant cell lysis. Multiple studies examining membrane wounds note observing resealing behavior...
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