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Interactive animation of the structure of ATP
Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is a nucleotide[2] that provides energy to drive and support many processes in living cells, such as muscle contraction, nerve impulse propagation, condensate dissolution, and chemical synthesis. Found in all known forms of life, it is often referred to as the "molecular unit of currency" of intracellular energy transfer.[3]
When consumed in a metabolic processes, ATP converts either to adenosine diphosphate (ADP) or to adenosine monophosphate (AMP). Other processes regenerate ATP. It is also a precursor to DNA and RNA, and is used as a coenzyme. An average human adult processes around 50 kilograms daily.[4]
From the perspective of biochemistry, ATP is classified as a nucleoside triphosphate, which indicates that it consists of three components: a nitrogenous base (adenine), the sugar ribose, and the triphosphate.
^ ab"Adenosine 5'-triphosphate disodium salt Product Information" (PDF). Sigma. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2019-03-23. Retrieved 2019-03-22.
^Dunn, Jacob; Grider, Michael H. (2023). "Physiology, Adenosine Triphosphate". StatPearls. StatPearls Publishing. PMID 31985968. Retrieved 13 November 2023.
^Knowles, J. R. (1980). "Enzyme-catalyzed phosphoryl transfer reactions". Annu. Rev. Biochem. 49: 877–919. doi:10.1146/annurev.bi.49.070180.004305. PMID 6250450.
^"An average individual with a daily diet of 8000 kJ and a 30% efficiency of turning foodstuffs into chemical energy will synthesize (and hydrolyze) about 50 kg of ATP during 1 day."Wilkens, Stephan (2008). "<SCP>ATP</SCP> Synthesis, Chemistry of". Wiley Encyclopedia of Chemical Biology. doi:10.1002/9780470048672.wecb648. ISBN 9780471754770.
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Adenosinetriphosphate (ATP) is a nucleotide that provides energy to drive and support many processes in living cells, such as muscle contraction, nerve...
attaches to the 1’ carbon. ADP can be interconverted to adenosinetriphosphate (ATP) and adenosine monophosphate (AMP). ATP contains one more phosphate group...
important in many biological processes. cAMP is a derivative of adenosinetriphosphate (ATP) and used for intracellular signal transduction in many different...
derivatives include the energy carriers adenosine mono-, di-, and triphosphate, also known as AMP/ADP/ATP. Cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) is pervasive...
cellular metabolic processes, being interconverted to adenosinetriphosphate (ATP) and adenosine diphosphate (ADP), as well as allosterically activating...
abbreviated as dNTPs. For example, dATP stands for deoxyribose adenosinetriphosphate. NTPs are the building blocks of RNA, and dNTPs are the building...
Adenosine thiamine triphosphate (AThTP), or thiaminylated adenosinetriphosphate, is a natural thiamine adenine nucleotide. It was discovered in Escherichia...
including cellular respiration, in the form of both the energy-rich adenosinetriphosphate (ATP) and the cofactors nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD)...
and is present in every cell type in every organism. For example, adenosinetriphosphate (ATP), the main source of energy in cells, must bind to a magnesium...
electron acceptor, such as oxygen, to drive the bulk production of adenosinetriphosphate (ATP), which contains energy. Cellular respiration may be described...
cytidine triphosphate (CTP), it can act as a co-factor to enzymes, and can transfer a phosphate to convert adenosine diphosphate (ADP) to adenosine triphosphate...
Guanosine-5'-triphosphate (GTP) is a purine nucleoside triphosphate. It is one of the building blocks needed for the synthesis of RNA during the transcription...
involves a process called glycolysis, in which glucose is converted to adenosinetriphosphate (ATP), the primary source of energy for cellular reactions. This...
groups from one enzyme to another. Examples include NADH, NADPH and adenosinetriphosphate (ATP). Some coenzymes, such as flavin mononucleotide (FMN), flavin...
energy in living organisms. Those processes convert energy into adenosinetriphosphate (ATP), which is the form suitable for muscular activity. There are...
mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation, aiding in the production of adenosinetriphosphate (ATP), which is involved in energy transfer within cells. The structure...
that lead to production and utilization of energy in forms such as adenosinetriphosphate (ATP) molecules. That is, the goal of bioenergetics is to describe...
Srere PA, Lipmann F (1953). "An enzymatic reaction between citrate, adenosinetriphosphate and coenzyme A". Journal of the American Chemical Society. 75 (19):...
microorganisms, fermentation is the primary means of producing adenosinetriphosphate (ATP) by the degradation of organic nutrients anaerobically. Humans...
nutrients, thereby releasing chemical energy in order to produce adenosinetriphosphate (ATP). In eukaryotes, this takes place inside mitochondria. Almost...
deamination of adenosine monophosphate by AMP deaminase. It can be hydrolysed to inosine. The enzyme deoxyribonucleoside triphosphate pyrophosphohydrolase...
phosphates in skeletal muscle, myocardium and the brain to recycle adenosinetriphosphate, the energy currency of the cell. In the kidneys, the enzyme AGAT...
inorganic phosphate group to a molecule of adenosine diphosphate (ADP) to form a molecule of adenosinetriphosphate (ATP). This enzyme works when a proton...
as heat, but the rest of which is used to drive the synthesis of adenosinetriphosphate (ATP). This molecule acts as a way for the cell to transfer the...
cell signaling as seen in adenosine-monophosphate (AMP). Furthermore, ribonucleotides can be converted to adenosinetriphosphate (ATP), the energy currency...
in mitigating magnesium depletion that inhibits the binding of adenosinetriphosphate via orotic acid, which provides binding sites. Classen HG (2004)...
measuring actively growing microorganisms through detection of adenosinetriphosphate, or ATP. ATP is a molecule found in and around living cells, and...
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