Allopurinol is a medication used to decrease high blood uric acid levels.[5] It is specifically used to prevent gout, prevent specific types of kidney stones and for the high uric acid levels that can occur with chemotherapy.[6][7] It is taken orally (by mouth) or intravenously (injected into a vein).[7]
Common side effects when used orally include itchiness and rash.[7] Common side effects when used by injection include vomiting and kidney problems.[7] While not recommended historically, starting allopurinol during an attack of gout appears to be safe.[8][9] In those already on the medication, it should be continued even during an acute gout attack.[8][6] While use during pregnancy does not appear to result in harm, this use has not been well studied.[1] Allopurinol is in the xanthine oxidase inhibitor family of medications.[7]
Allopurinol was approved for medical use in the United States in 1966.[7] It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines.[10][11] Allopurinol is available as a generic medication.[7] In 2021, it was the 40th most commonly prescribed medication in the United States, with more than 15million prescriptions.[12][13]
^ ab"Allopurinol Use During Pregnancy". Drugs.com. Archived from the original on 20 August 2016. Retrieved 20 December 2016.
^"Prescription medicines: registration of new generic medicines and biosimilar medicines, 2017". Therapeutic Goods Administration (TGA). 21 June 2022. Retrieved 30 March 2024.
^"Allopurinol tablet". DailyMed. 13 December 2023. Retrieved 16 January 2024.
^Cite error: The named reference Labelinject was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^Pacher P, Nivorozhkin A, Szabó C (March 2006). "Therapeutic effects of xanthine oxidase inhibitors: renaissance half a century after the discovery of allopurinol". Pharmacological Reviews. 58 (1): 87–114. doi:10.1124/pr.58.1.6. PMC 2233605. PMID 16507884.
^ abWorld Health Organization (2009). Stuart MC, Kouimtzi M, Hill SR (eds.). WHO Model Formulary 2008. World Health Organization. p. 39. hdl:10665/44053. ISBN 9789241547659.
^ abcdefg"Allopurinol". The American Society of Health-System Pharmacists. Archived from the original on 29 April 2016. Retrieved 8 December 2016.
^ abRobinson PC, Stamp LK (May 2016). "The management of gout: Much has changed". Australian Family Physician. 45 (5): 299–302. PMID 27166465.
^Satpanich P, Pongsittisak W, Manavathongchai S (January 2022). "Early versus Late Allopurinol Initiation in Acute Gout Flare (ELAG): a randomized controlled trial". Clinical Rheumatology. 41 (1): 213–221. doi:10.1007/s10067-021-05872-8. PMID 34406530. S2CID 237156638.
^World Health Organization (2019). World Health Organization model list of essential medicines: 21st list 2019. Geneva: World Health Organization. hdl:10665/325771. WHO/MVP/EMP/IAU/2019.06. License: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO.
^World Health Organization (2021). World Health Organization model list of essential medicines: 22nd list (2021). Geneva: World Health Organization. hdl:10665/345533. WHO/MHP/HPS/EML/2021.02.
^"The Top 300 of 2021". ClinCalc. Archived from the original on 15 January 2024. Retrieved 14 January 2024.
^"Allopurinol - Drug Usage Statistics". ClinCalc. Retrieved 14 January 2024.
Allopurinol is a medication used to decrease high blood uric acid levels. It is specifically used to prevent gout, prevent specific types of kidney stones...
levels. It is generally recommended only for people who cannot take allopurinol. When initially started, medications such as NSAIDs are often recommended...
be lowered via lifestyle changes and in those with frequent attacks, allopurinol or probenecid provides long-term prevention. Taking vitamin C and having...
Allopurinol hypersensitivity syndrome (AHS) typically occurs in persons with preexisting kidney failure.: 119 Weeks to months after allopurinol is begun...
inhibitor of xanthine oxidase used in the treatment of gout, especially when allopurinol, a first-line treatment, fails or produces intolerable adverse effects...
colchicine, or corticosteroids, and urate levels are managed with allopurinol. Allopurinol, which weakly inhibits xanthine oxidase, is an analog of hypoxanthine...
common cause is certain medications such as lamotrigine, carbamazepine, allopurinol, sulfonamide antibiotics, and nevirapine. Other causes can include infections...
prevent renal calculi, the medications thiazide diuretic, citrate, or allopurinol may be suggested. Soft drinks containing phosphoric acid (typically colas)...
other cytotoxic drugs. Allopurinol inhibits xanthine oxidase, the enzyme that breaks down mercaptopurine. Those taking allopurinol (often used to prevent...
metabolic pathway for uric acid formation, the xanthine oxidase inhibitor allopurinol is used in the treatment of gout. Since xanthine oxidase is involved...
(aminophenazone, indomethacin, naproxen, phenylbutazone, metamizole), mebendazole, allopurinol, the antidepressants mianserin and mirtazapine, and some antipsychotics...
consequences of its bone-marrow suppression. Other purine analogues, such as allopurinol, inhibit xanthine oxidase, the enzyme that breaks down azathioprine,...
standard gout medicines that decrease the production of uric acid (e.g., allopurinol, febuxostat) or increase uric acid elimination from the body through...
decreased when used alongside allopurinol, which can be used to decrease fluorouracil induced stomatitis through use of allopurinol mouthwash. The dihydropyrimidine...
USAN) is an inhibitor of xanthine oxidase. It is an active metabolite of allopurinol and it is cleared renally. In cases of renal disease, this metabolite...
administration and can cause lymph node enlargement. Hydralazine and Allopurinol are medications that are prescribed to patients to lower their blood...
inhibitors, rifampicin, sulfa medications, fluoroquinolones, diuretics, allopurinol, mesalamine, and phenytoin. The time between exposure to the drug and...
may contribute to the cure or amelioration of hyperuricosuria include allopurinol which acts by inhibiting xanthine oxidase and reducing uric acid production...
these medications is not clear. Xanthine oxidase inhibitors, including allopurinol, febuxostat and topiroxostat, decrease the production of uric acid, by...
"Pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and safety of verinurad with and without allopurinol in healthy Asian, Chinese, and non-Asian participants". Pharmacology...
acid during TLS, and this can be accomplished with use of allopurinol or rasburicase. Allopurinol (a xanthine oxidase inhibitor, which inhibits uric acid...
Retrieved 2016-11-07. "Prophylaxis with Febuxostat in comparison to Allopurinol reduces exposure to uric acid in patients at intermediate to high risk...
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