Rupturing of red blood cells and release of their contents
This article is about medical aspects of hemolysis. For hemolysis in the culture of microorganisms, see Hemolysis (microbiology).
"Laking" redirects here. For other uses, see Laking (disambiguation).
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Medical condition
Hemolysis
Other names
Haemolysis (alternative spelling), hematolysis, erythrolysis, or erythrocytolysis
Specialty
Pathology
Complications
Kidney failure, kidney disease
Causes
Osmosis
A red blood cell in a hypotonic solution, causing water to move into the cellA red blood cell in a hypertonic solution, causing water to move out of the cell
Hemolysis or haemolysis (/hiːˈmɒlɪsɪs/),[1] also known by several other names, is the rupturing (lysis) of red blood cells (erythrocytes) and the release of their contents (cytoplasm) into surrounding fluid (e.g. blood plasma). Hemolysis may occur in vivo or in vitro.
One cause of hemolysis is the action of hemolysins, toxins that are produced by certain pathogenic bacteria or fungi. Another cause is intense physical exercise.[2] Hemolysins damage the red blood cell's cytoplasmic membrane, causing lysis and eventually cell death.[3]
^Wells, John C. (2008). Longman Pronunciation Dictionary (3rd ed.). Longman. ISBN 978-1-4058-8118-0.
^Witek, K; Ścisłowska, J; Turowski, D; Lerczak, K; Lewandowska-Pachecka, S; Pokrywka, A (March 2017). "Total bilirubin in athletes, determination of reference range". Biology of Sport. 34 (1): 45–48. doi:10.5114/biolsport.2017.63732. ISSN 0860-021X. PMC 5377560. PMID 28416897.
^Madigan, Michael T. (2010). Brock Biology of Microorganisms 13th Edition. Benjamin Cummings. p. 804. ISBN 978-0-321-64963-8.
into surrounding fluid (e.g. blood plasma). Hemolysis may occur in vivo or in vitro. One cause of hemolysis is the action of hemolysins, toxins that are...
Intravascular hemolysis describes hemolysis that happens mainly inside the vasculature. As a result, the contents of the red blood cell are released into...
of anemia due to hemolysis, the abnormal breakdown of red blood cells (RBCs), either in the blood vessels (intravascular hemolysis) or elsewhere in the...
viridans streptococci) display alpha-hemolysis. Alpha-hemolysis is also termed incomplete hemolysis or partial hemolysis because the cell membranes of the...
while the cause of hemolysis must be determined using laboratory tests. Treatment of the condition is specific to the cause of hemolysis, but intense phototherapy...
The Ham test is a blood test used in the diagnosis of paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH). Patient red blood cells (RBCs) are placed in mild acid;...
"Runner's macrocytosis: a clue to footstrike hemolysis. Runner's anemia as a benefit versus runner's hemolysis as a detriment". The American Journal of Medicine...
low-ionic-strength solution and observed for hemolysis, was used for screening. If this was positive, the Ham's acid hemolysis test (after Dr Thomas Ham, who described...
HELLP syndrome is a complication of pregnancy; the acronym stands for hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, and low platelet count. It usually begins during...
"The direct antiglobulin test: A critical step in the evaluation of hemolysis". American Journal of Hematology. 87 (7): 707–709. doi:10.1002/ajh.23218...
and gamma-hemolysis. In alpha-hemolysis, the blood is partially digested, causing the area around the colony to turn green. In beta-hemolysis, the organism...
anemias. Signs of hemolysis that are present in AIHA include low hemoglobin (blood count), alterations in levels of cell markers of hemolysis; including elevated...
haptoglobin levels will be decreased in case of intravascular hemolysis or severe extravascular hemolysis. In the process of binding to free hemoglobin, haptoglobin...
enhanced hemolysis. Streaking these two organisms perpendicular to each other on a blood agar plate will yield a “bow tie” shaped zone of hemolysis which...
and, thus, ends up leading to agglutinations of the red blood cells and hemolysis reaction occurring outside the vessels (extra-vessels), resulting in anemia...
cells by these antibodies, a process known as hemolysis. Anti-K does not bind complement, therefore hemolysis is extravascular. Individuals without K antigens(K0)...
concentrations in the urine. The condition is caused by excessive intravascular hemolysis, in which large numbers of red blood cells (RBCs) are destroyed, thereby...
normal MCV and hemolysis or loss may be seen in bone marrow failure or anemia of chronic disease, with superimposed or related hemolysis or blood loss...
experiment both showed the exact opposite: namely, that shear stress and hence hemolysis decrease with decreasing needle bore (but the decrease can be clinically...
(rupture) under stress. It can be thought of as the degree or proportion of hemolysis that occurs when a sample of red blood cells are subjected to stress (typically...
surrounding a colony. Examples include Streptococcus haemolyticus. α-Hemolysis will only cause partial lysis of the red blood cells (the cell membrane...
hemosiderin in urine. It is often the result of chronic intravascular hemolysis, in which hemoglobin is released from red blood cells into the bloodstream...
caused by a pathological increased rate of red blood cell (erythrocyte) hemolysis. The increased breakdown of erythrocytes → increased unconjugated serum...
RBCs. Hemolysis will often demonstrate poikilocytes specific to a cause or mechanism, e.g. bite cells and/or blister cells for oxidative hemolysis, acanthocytes...
sulfate may produce kidney and cerebral toxicity as well as intravascular hemolysis." The manual suggests instead "a bicarbonate solution to neutralise phosphoric...
was first described in 1871, and is the most common cause of inherited hemolysis in populations of northern European descent, with an incidence of 1 in...
of hemoglobin in the blood plasma. This is an effect of intravascular hemolysis, in which hemoglobin separates from red blood cells, a form of anemia...
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