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Escherichia virus Lambda
Electron micrograph of a virus particle of species Escherichia virus Lambda
Virus classification
(unranked):
Virus
Realm:
Duplodnaviria
Kingdom:
Heunggongvirae
Phylum:
Uroviricota
Class:
Caudoviricetes
Order:
Caudovirales
Family:
Siphoviridae
Genus:
Lambdavirus
Species:
Escherichia virus Lambda
Bacteriophage Lambda Structural Model at Atomic Resolution[1]
Enterobacteria phage λ (lambda phage, coliphage λ, officially Escherichia virus Lambda) is a bacterial virus, or bacteriophage, that infects the bacterial species Escherichia coli (E. coli). It was discovered by Esther Lederberg in 1950.[2] The wild type of this virus has a temperate life cycle that allows it to either reside within the genome of its host through lysogeny or enter into a lytic phase, during which it kills and lyses the cell to produce offspring. Lambda strains, mutated at specific sites, are unable to lysogenize cells; instead, they grow and enter the lytic cycle after superinfecting an already lysogenized cell.[3]
The phage particle consists of a head (also known as a capsid),[4] a tail, and tail fibers (see image of virus below). The head contains the phage's double-strand linear DNA genome. During infections, the phage particle recognizes and binds to its host, E. coli, causing DNA in the head of the phage to be ejected through the tail into the cytoplasm of the bacterial cell. Usually, a "lytic cycle" ensues, where the lambda DNA is replicated and new phage particles are produced within the cell. This is followed by cell lysis, releasing the cell contents, including virions that have been assembled, into the environment. However, under certain conditions, the phage DNA may integrate itself into the host cell chromosome in the lysogenic pathway. In this state, the λ DNA is called a prophage and stays resident within the host's genome without apparent harm to the host. The host is termed a lysogen when a prophage is present. This prophage may enter the lytic cycle when the lysogen enters a stressed condition.
^Padilla-Sanchez V (2021-07-16). "Bacteriophage Lambda Structural Model at Atomic Resolution". doi:10.5281/zenodo.5134493. Retrieved 2021-07-24.
^Lederberg E (January 1950). "Lysogenicity in Escherichia coli strain K-12". Microbial Genetics Bulletin. 1: 5–8.; followed by Lederberg EM, Lederberg J (January 1953). "Genetic Studies of Lysogenicity in Escherichia Coli". Genetics. 38 (1): 51–64. doi:10.1093/genetics/38.1.51. PMC 1209586. PMID 17247421.
^Griffiths A, Miller J, Suzuki D, Lewontin R, Gelbart W (2000). An Introduction to Genetic Analysis (7th ed.). New York: W. H. Freeman. ISBN 978-0-7167-3520-5. Retrieved 19 May 2017.
Enterobacteria phage λ (lambdaphage, coliphage λ, officially Escherichia virus Lambda) is a bacterial virus, or bacteriophage, that infects the bacterial...
well as phage packaging in cells. The article discusses the Transfer of genetic information from E. coli to salmonella cells (via lambdaphage) and how...
bacterium. Temperate phages (such as lambdaphage) can reproduce using both the lytic and the lysogenic cycle.[citation needed] How a phage decides which cycle...
A cosmid is a type of hybrid plasmid that contains a Lambdaphage cos sequence. Often used as cloning vectors in genetic engineering, cosmids can be used...
After a genomic library is constructed with a viral vector, such as lambdaphage, the titer of the library can be determined. Calculating the titer allows...
undergoing a lysogenic cycle the phage genome exists as a plasmid in the bacterium unlike other phages (e.g. the lambdaphage) that integrate into the host...
Lambdavirus (synonyms Lambda-like viruses, Lambda-like phages, Lambdaphage group, Lambdaphage) is a genus of viruses in the order Caudovirales, in the...
Filamentous phages retard bacterial growth but, contrasting with the lambdaphage and the T7 phage, are not generally lytic. Helper phages are usually...
a pioneer of bacterial genetics. She discovered the bacterial virus lambdaphage and the bacterial fertility factor F, devised the first implementation...
important transcription factor in the life cycle of lambdaphage. It is encoded in the lambdaphage genome by the 291 base pair cII gene. cII plays a key...
Phage therapy, viral phage therapy, or phagotherapy is the therapeutic use of bacteriophages for the treatment of pathogenic bacterial infections. This...
peptidoglycan matrix. The prototypical holin is the lambdaphage S protein, which assists the lambdaphage R protein (lysin). All holins embed themselves in...
found in the Transporter Classification Database. Lambda holin S (Lysis protein S of phagelambda, holin S105; TC# 1.E.2.1.1) is the prototype for class...
Antitermination is used by some phages to regulate progression from one stage of gene expression to the next. The lambda gene N, codes for an antitermination...
sites from the lambda/phage chromosome (attP) and the bacteria (attB). As a result of recombination between the attP and attB sites, the phage integrates...
(December 1976). "Construction of hybrid viruses containing SV40 and lambdaphage DNA segments and their propagation in cultured monkey cells". Cell. 9...
is the late genes. The following refers to the well-studied temperate phagelambda of E. coli.[citation needed] Immediate early genes: These genes are expressed...
infection of E. coli by bacteriophage lambda, with subunit ManY and ManZ being sufficient for proper lambdaphage infection. MANXYZ possesses four domains...
clone DNA fragments of up to 15 kbp. To clone longer lengths of DNA, lambdaphage with lysogeny genes deleted, cosmids, bacterial artificial chromosomes...
into pathogenic bacteria that is capable of producing harmful toxins. Lambdaphage lysogenic cycle LWOFF, A (December 1953). "Lysogeny". Bacteriological...
Organization or Clinical Research Organization, for pharmaceuticals cro, a Lambdaphage repressor protein Civil restraint order, against vexatious litigation...
representative example of ICE integrases is the integrase encoded by lambdaphage. The transfer of an integrated ICE element from the donor to recipient...
into DNA of Simian Virus 40: Circular SV40 DNA Molecules Containing LambdaPhage Genes and the Galactose Operon of Escherichia coli". PNAS. 69 (10): 2904–09...
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