A red blood cell in a hypotonic solution, causing water to move into the cell.
Specialty
Cell biology
Causes
Osmosis
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Blood cells in solutions with different osmotic pressure. Cytolysis would result in the image on the far right.Micrographs of osmotic pressure on red blood cellsA human white blood cell (upper right) in water swells until it bursts (at ~14 seconds)
Cytolysis, or osmotic lysis, occurs when a cell bursts due to an osmotic imbalance that has caused excess water to diffuse into the cell. Water can enter the cell by diffusion through the cell membrane or through selective membrane channels called aquaporins, which greatly facilitate the flow of water.[1] It occurs in a hypotonic environment, where water moves into the cell by osmosis and causes its volume to increase to the point where the volume exceeds the membrane's capacity and the cell bursts. The presence of a cell wall prevents the membrane from bursting, so cytolysis only occurs in animal and protozoa cells which do not have cell walls. The reverse process is plasmolysis.
^Alberts, Bruce (2014). Essential Cell Biology (4th ed.). New York, NY: Garland Science. p. 388. ISBN 978-0-8153-4454-4.
Cytolysis, or osmotic lysis, occurs when a cell bursts due to an osmotic imbalance that has caused excess water to diffuse into the cell. Water can enter...
spheroplast. Cytolysis occurs when a cell bursts due to an osmotic imbalance that has caused excess water to move into the cell. Cytolysis can be prevented...
water in a hypertonic solution. The reverse process, deplasmolysis or cytolysis, can occur if the cell is in a hypotonic solution resulting in a lower...
work together to disrupt the target cell's plasma membrane leading to cytolysis of the cell. The complement system consists of more than 35 soluble and...
their stomata. In animal cells excessive osmotic pressure can result in cytolysis. Osmotic pressure is the basis of filtering ("reverse osmosis"), a process...
enough, the uptake of excess water can produce enough pressure to induce cytolysis, or rupturing of the cell. When plant cells are in a hypotonic solution...
intermediate filament organization KRT6A obsolete negative regulation of cytolysis by symbiont of host cells KRT6A morphogenesis of an epithelium KRT6A positive...
pressure becomes increasingly uncompensated—eventually causing cell death (cytolysis). In addition, the build-up of peptidoglycan precursors triggers the activation...
such as VCAM-1 and ICAM-1. When eosinophils are activated, they undergo cytolysis, where the breaking of the cell releases eosinophilic granules found in...
B/D, which form pores in the host cell membrane and have been linked to cytolysis. The YopO, YopH, YopM, YopT, YopJ, and YopE are injected into the cytoplasm...
a viroporin facilitiating release of viral particles and resulting in cytolysis; however the presence and role of VP4 have been disputed. SV40 is capable...
lymphocytes and cause their lysis, which is both complement-mediated cytolysis and cell-mediated opsonization followed by removal of reticuloendothelial...
activate the classical pathway, leading to opsonization of antigens and cytolysis. IgM binds to the polyimmunoglobulin receptor (pIgR) in a process that...
ingestion, it binds to the RNA polymerase II enzyme, effectively causing cytolysis of hepatocytes (liver cells). Mushroom poisoning Cochet-Meilhac M, Chambon...
surrounding cells, increasing their volume and potentially lysing them (cytolysis). Many poisons, medications and diseases affect the balance between the...
cells progress through the cell cycle and then decompose (cytolysis) within a week's time. Cytolysis occurs only in the presence of glycogen-containing cells...
parabasal epitheliocytes 0 I and IIa <10/hpf None or sporadic Unremarkable or cytolysis None or <1% 1 IIb >10/hpf and; <10/epithelial cell <50% of leukocytes...
cytokines (IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-17) and chemokines (IP-10, lymphotactin), trigger cytolysis of target cells (perforins, granzymes...), and interact with other cells...
rejection (William L. Elkins and Ronald D. Guttmann) 1969 – The lymphocyte cytolysis Cr51 release assay (Theodore Brunner) and (Jean-Charles Cerottini) 1971...
pathogen form holes in the plasma membrane of the pathogen, resulting in cytolysis of the pathogen cell, causing its death rid the body of neutralised antigen-antibody...
lipid transport innate immune response cholesterol metabolic process cytolysis receptor-mediated endocytosis killing of cells of other organism lipid...
membranes, resulting in the cell contents leaking from the damaged cells (cytolysis). Dissolving the wax layer on the cuticle ("skin"), which leads to water...
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