The LIM (LIN-11, Isl-1, MEC-3)[1] kinases are a family of actin-binding kinases that phosphorylate members of the ADF/cofilin family of actin binding and filament severing proteins. The LIM kinase family is made up of two proteins: LIM kinase-1 (LIMK1) and LIM kinase-2 (LIMK2)
ADF/cofilin are the only substrates yet identified for the LIM kinases. LIM kinases directly phosphorylate and inactivate members of the cofilin family, resulting in stabilization of filamentous (F)-actin. Lim kinases are activated by signaling through small GTPases of the Rho family. Upstream, LIMK1 is regulated by Pak1,[2] and LIMK2 by the Rho-dependent kinase ROCK.[3] Lim Kinases are activated by PAK (p21-activated kinase). Recent work indicates that LIMK activity is also modulated by HIV-1 viral proteins.
There are approximately 40 known eukaryotic LIM proteins, so named for the LIM domains they contain. LIM domains are highly conserved cysteine-rich structures containing 2 zinc fingers. Although zinc fingers usually function by binding to DNA or RNA, the LIM motif probably mediates protein–protein interactions. LIM kinase-1 and LIM kinase-2 belong to a small subfamily with a unique combination of 2 N-terminal LIM motifs and a C-terminal protein kinase domain. LIMK1 is likely to be a component of an intracellular signaling pathway and may be involved in brain development. LIMK1 hemizygosity is implicated in the impaired visuospatial constructive cognition of Williams syndrome.[4]
^"LIM Protein - an overview | ScienceDirect Topics". www.sciencedirect.com. Retrieved 16 December 2023.
and filament severing proteins. The LIMkinase family is made up of two proteins: LIMkinase-1 (LIMK1) and LIMkinase-2 (LIMK2) ADF/cofilin are the only...
LIM domain kinase 1 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the LIMK1 gene. There are approximately 40 known eukaryotic LIM proteins, so named for the...
LIM domain kinase 2 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the LIMK2 gene. There are approximately 40 known eukaryotic LIM proteins, so named for the...
order to confer a binding or targeting function upon them, such as LIM-kinase. LIM-domain containing proteins have been shown to play roles in cytoskeletal...
stress fibers. In addition, ROCK also phosphorylates and activates LIM-kinase. LIM-kinase will in turn phosphorylate and inactivate cofilin, which will prevent...
"Signaling from Rho to the actin cytoskeleton through protein kinases ROCK and LIM-kinase". Science. 285 (5429): 895–8. doi:10.1126/science.285.5429.895...
In biochemistry, a kinase (/ˈkaɪneɪs, ˈkɪneɪs, -eɪz/) is an enzyme that catalyzes the transfer of phosphate groups from high-energy, phosphate-donating...
composed of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen that inhibits the enzyme LIMkinase. It was discovered by the Cure and Inserm Institute, CNRS and CEA in the...
M, Mishima T, Ohashi K, Mizuno K (February 2006). "MAPKAPK-2-mediated LIM-kinase activation is critical for VEGF-induced actin remodeling and cell migration"...
CSPGs), which stimulates RhoA. RhoA activates ROCK (RhoA kinase) which stimulates LIMkinase, which then inhibits cofilin, which effectively reorganizes...
Shibuya A, Nakamura T (2001). "Activation of LIMkinases by myotonic dystrophy kinase-related Cdc42-binding kinase alpha". J. Biol. Chem. 276 (25): 23092–6...
tumor cell migration and metastasis. This activated ROCK1 also activates LIMkinase, which, phosphorylates cofilin, inhibiting its actin-depolymerizing activity...
kinase PAK 1 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the PAK1 gene. PAK1 is one of six members of the PAK family of serine/threonine kinases which...
activation of the RhoA protein will activate ROCK, a RhoA kinase, which leads to the stimulation of LIMkinase, which in turn inhibits the protein cofilin. Cofilin's...
of actin dynamics. ADF/cofilin proteins are inactivated by kinases such as LIM domain kinase-1 (LIMK1; MIM 601329). The SSH family appears to play a role...
Anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) also known as ALK tyrosine kinase receptor or CD246 (cluster of differentiation 246) is an enzyme that in humans is encoded...
(August 1998). "Transmembrane neuregulins interact with LIMkinase 1, a cytoplasmic protein kinase implicated in development of visuospatial cognition"....
PTK2 protein tyrosine kinase 2 (PTK2), also known as focal adhesion kinase (FAK), is a protein that, in humans, is encoded by the PTK2 gene. PTK2 is a...
Protein kinase C, zeta (PKCζ), also known as PRKCZ, is a protein in humans that is encoded by the PRKCZ gene. The PRKCZ gene encodes at least two alternative...
Lingo-1 stimulates RhoA, which activates ROCK (RhoA kinase) which, in turn, stimulates LIMkinase, which then stimulates cofilin, which effectively reorganizes...
"Signaling from Rho to the actin cytoskeleton through protein kinases ROCK and LIM-kinase". Science. 285 (5429): 895–8. doi:10.1126/science.285.5429.895...
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