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Hydrogen chloride information


This article is about the gas. For the aqueous solution, see hydrochloric acid.

Hydrogen chloride
Skeletal formula of hydrogen chloride with a dimension
Skeletal formula of hydrogen chloride with a dimension
Space-filling model of hydrogen chloride with atom symbols
Space-filling model of hydrogen chloride with atom symbols
Names
IUPAC name
Hydrogen chloride[1]
Systematic IUPAC name
Chlorane[2]
Other names
Hydrochloric acid gas
Hydrochloric gas
Hydrochloride
Identifiers
CAS Number
  • 7647-01-0 checkY
3D model (JSmol)
  • Interactive image
Beilstein Reference
 1098214
ChEBI
  • CHEBI:17883 checkY
ChEMBL
  • ChEMBL1231821 ☒N
ChemSpider
  • 307 checkY
ECHA InfoCard 100.028.723 Edit this at Wikidata
EC Number
  • 231-595-7
Gmelin Reference
 322
KEGG
  • D02057 checkY
MeSH Hydrochloric+acid
PubChem CID
  • 313
RTECS number
  • MW4025000
UNII
  • QTT17582CB checkY
UN number 1050
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)
  • DTXSID2020711 Edit this at Wikidata
InChI
  • InChI=1S/HCl/h1H ☒N
    Key: VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N checkY
  • InChI=1/HCl/h1H
    Key: VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYAT
SMILES
  • Cl
Properties
Chemical formula
 HCl
Molar mass 36.46 g/mol
Appearance Colorless gas
Odor pungent; sharp and burning
Density 1.49 g/L[3]
Melting point −114.22 °C (−173.60 °F; 158.93 K)
Boiling point −85.05 °C (−121.09 °F; 188.10 K)
Solubility in water
 823 g/L (0 °C)
720 g/L (20 °C)
561 g/L (60 °C)
Solubility soluble in methanol, ethanol, ether and water
Vapor pressure 4352 kPa (at 21.1 °C)[4]
Acidity (pKa) −3.0;[5] −5.9 (±0.4)[6]
Basicity (pKb) 17.0
Conjugate acid Chloronium
Conjugate base Chloride
Refractive index (nD)
 1.0004456 (gas)
1.254 (liquid)
Viscosity 0.311 cP (−100 °C)
Structure
Molecular shape
 linear
Dipole moment
 1.05 D
Thermochemistry
Heat capacity (C)
 0.7981 J/(K·g)
Std molar
entropy (S⦵298)
 186.902 J/(K·mol)
Std enthalpy of
formation (ΔfH⦵298)
 −92.31 kJ/mol
Std enthalpy of
combustion (ΔcH⦵298)
 −95.31 kJ/mol
Pharmacology
ATC code
 A09AB03 (WHO) B05XA13 (WHO)
Hazards
Occupational safety and health (OHS/OSH):
Main hazards
 Toxic, corrosive
GHS labelling:
Pictograms
 GHS05: Corrosive GHS06: Toxic
Signal word
 Danger
Hazard statements
 H280, H314, H331
Precautionary statements
 P261, P280, P305+P351+P338, P310, P410+P403
NFPA 704 (fire diamond)
NFPA 704 four-colored diamondHealth 3: Short exposure could cause serious temporary or residual injury. E.g. chlorine gasFlammability 0: Will not burn. E.g. waterInstability 1: Normally stable, but can become unstable at elevated temperatures and pressures. E.g. calciumSpecial hazard COR: Corrosive; strong acid or base. E.g. sulfuric acid, potassium hydroxide
3
0
1
COR
Lethal dose or concentration (LD, LC):
LD50 (median dose)
 238 mg/kg (rat, oral)
LC50 (median concentration)
 3124 ppm (rat, 1 h)
1108 ppm (mouse, 1 h)[8]
LCLo (lowest published)
 1300 ppm (human, 30 min)
4416 ppm (rabbit, 30 min)
4416 ppm (guinea pig, 30 min)
3000 ppm (human, 5 min)[8]
NIOSH (US health exposure limits):
PEL (Permissible)
 C 5 ppm (7 mg/m3)[7]
REL (Recommended)
 C 5 ppm (7 mg/m3)[7]
IDLH (Immediate danger)
 50 ppm[7]
Safety data sheet (SDS) JT Baker MSDS
Related compounds
Related compounds
 Hydrogen fluoride
Hydrogen bromide
Hydrogen iodide
Hydrogen astatide
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
☒N verify (what is checkY☒N ?)
Infobox references

The compound hydrogen chloride has the chemical formula HCl and as such is a hydrogen halide. At room temperature, it is a colorless gas, which forms white fumes of hydrochloric acid upon contact with atmospheric water vapor. Hydrogen chloride gas and hydrochloric acid are important in technology and industry. Hydrochloric acid, the aqueous solution of hydrogen chloride, is also commonly given the formula HCl.

  1. ^ "hydrogen chloride (CHEBI:17883)". Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI). UK: European Bioinformatics Institute.
  2. ^ Favre, Henri A.; Powell, Warren H., eds. (2014). Nomenclature of Organic Chemistry: IUPAC Recommendations and Preferred Names 2013. Cambridge: The Royal Society of Chemistry. p. 131. ISBN 9781849733069.
  3. ^ Haynes, William M. (2010). Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (91 ed.). Boca Raton, Florida, USA: CRC Press. p. 4–67. ISBN 978-1-43982077-3.
  4. ^ Hydrogen Chloride. Gas Encyclopaedia. Air Liquide
  5. ^ Tipping, E.(2002) [1]. Cambridge University Press, 2004.
  6. ^ Trummal, A.; Lipping, L.; Kaljurand, I.; Koppel, I. A.; Leito, I. "Acidity of Strong Acids in Water and Dimethyl Sulfoxide" J. Phys. Chem. A. 2016, 120, 3663-3669. doi:10.1021/acs.jpca.6b02253
  7. ^ a b c NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards. "#0332". National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH).
  8. ^ a b "Hydrogen chloride". Immediately Dangerous to Life or Health Concentrations (IDLH). National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH).

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reaction which uses carbon monoxide, hydrogen chloride and a copper(I) chloride co-catalyst. Aluminium chloride finds a wide variety of other applications...

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Acid

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Phosphoryl chloride

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Hydrogen halide

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gaseous hydrogen chloride. Hydrogen chloride, in the form of hydrochloric acid, is a major component of gastric acid. Hydrogen fluoride, chloride and bromide...

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Chromyl chloride

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Chloralkali process

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which case sodium hydroxide (NaOH), hydrogen, and chlorine result. When using calcium chloride or potassium chloride, the products contain calcium or potassium...

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Oxalyl chloride

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acyl chlorides which hydrolyze with formation of hydrogen chloride and the original carboxylic acid. The solution comprising DMSO and oxalyl chloride, followed...

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ammonium chloride (sal ammoniac); with nitric acid, ammonium nitrate, etc. Perfectly dry ammonia gas will not combine with perfectly dry hydrogen chloride gas;...

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Phosphorus pentachloride

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Halogen

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Barium chloride

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reaction between barium sulfide and hydrogen chloride: BaS + 2 HCl → BaCl2 + H2S or between barium sulfide and calcium chloride: BaS + CaCl2 → CaS + BaCl2 In...

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Methylammonium chloride

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Chloromethane

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sodium chloride. This method is the forerunner for that used today, which uses hydrogen chloride instead of sulfuric acid and sodium chloride. Chloromethane...

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Thionyl chloride

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Potassium chloride

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Sulfuryl chloride

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