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Aluminium chloride information


Aluminium chloride
Aluminium(III) chloride
Aluminium trichloride hexahydrate, pure (top), and contaminated with iron(III) chloride (bottom)
Aluminium trichloride dimer
Aluminium trichloride dimer
Aluminium trichloride unit cell
Aluminium trichloride unit cell
Names
IUPAC name
Aluminium chloride
Other names
Aluminium(III) chloride
Aluminium trichloride
Trichloroaluminum
Identifiers
CAS Number
  • 7446-70-0 (anhydrous) checkY
  • 10124-27-3 (hydrate) ☒N
  • 7784-13-6 (hexahydrate) checkY
3D model (JSmol)
  • monomer: Interactive image
  • dimer: Interactive image
ChEBI
  • CHEBI:30114 checkY
ChemSpider
  • 22445 checkY
ECHA InfoCard 100.028.371 Edit this at Wikidata
EC Number
  • 231-208-1
Gmelin Reference
 1876
PubChem CID
  • 24012
RTECS number
  • BD0530000
UNII
  • LIF1N9568Y checkY
  • 3CYT62D3GA (hexahydrate) checkY
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)
  • DTXSID6029674 Edit this at Wikidata
InChI
  • InChI=1S/Al.3ClH/h;3*1H/q+3;;;/p-3 checkY
    Key: VSCWAEJMTAWNJL-UHFFFAOYSA-K checkY
  • InChI=1/Al.3ClH/h;3*1H/q+3;;;/p-3
    Key: VSCWAEJMTAWNJL-DFZHHIFOAR
SMILES
  • monomer: Cl[Al](Cl)Cl
  • dimer: Cl[Al-]1(Cl)[Cl+] [Al-]([Cl+]1)(Cl)Cl
Properties
Chemical formula
 AlCl3
Molar mass
  • 133.341 g/mol (anhydrous)
  • 241.432 g/mol (hexahydrate)
[1]
Appearance Colourless crystals, hygroscopic
Density
  • 2.48 g/cm3 (anhydrous)
  • 2.398 g/cm3 (hexahydrate)
[1]
Melting point
  • 180 °C (356 °F; 453 K) (anhydrous, sublimes)[1]
  • 100 °C (212 °F; 373 K) (hexahydrate, decomposes)[1]
Solubility in water
  • 439 g/L (0 °C)
  • 449 g/L (10 °C)
  • 458 g/L (20 °C)
  • 466 g/L (30 °C)
  • 473 g/L (40 °C)
  • 481 g/L (60 °C)
  • 486 g/L (80 °C)
  • 490 g/L (100 °C)
Solubility
  • Soluble in hydrogen chloride, ethanol, chloroform, carbon tetrachloride
  • Slightly soluble in benzene
Vapor pressure
  • 133.3 Pa (99 °C)
  • 13.3 kPa (151 °C)
[2]
Viscosity
  • 0.35 cP (197 °C)
  • 0.26 cP (237 °C)
[2]
Structure
Crystal structure
 Monoclinic, mS16
Space group
 C12/m1, No. 12[3]
Lattice constant
a = 0.591 nm, b = 0.591 nm, c = 1.752 nm[3]
Lattice volume (V)
 0.52996 nm3
Formula units (Z)
 6
Coordination geometry
 Octahedral (solid)
Tetrahedral (liquid)
Molecular shape
 Trigonal planar
(monomeric vapour)
Thermochemistry
Heat capacity (C)
 91.1 J/(mol·K)[4]
Std molar
entropy (S⦵298)
 109.3 J/(mol·K)[4]
Std enthalpy of
formation (ΔfH⦵298)
 −704.2 kJ/mol[4]
Gibbs free energy (ΔfG⦵)
 −628.8 kJ/mol[4]
Pharmacology
ATC code
 D10AX01 (WHO)
Hazards
GHS labelling:[6]
Pictograms
 GHS05: Corrosive
Signal word
 Danger
Hazard statements
 H314
Precautionary statements
 P260, P280, P301+P330+P331, P303+P361+P353, P305+P351+P338+P310, P310
NFPA 704 (fire diamond)
NFPA 704 four-colored diamondHealth 3: Short exposure could cause serious temporary or residual injury. E.g. chlorine gasFlammability 0: Will not burn. E.g. waterInstability 2: Undergoes violent chemical change at elevated temperatures and pressures, reacts violently with water, or may form explosive mixtures with water. E.g. white phosphorusSpecial hazards (white): no code
3
0
2
Lethal dose or concentration (LD, LC):
LD50 (median dose)
 380 mg/kg, rat (oral, anhydrous)
3311 mg/kg, rat (oral, hexahydrate)
NIOSH (US health exposure limits):
PEL (Permissible)
 None[5]
REL (Recommended)
 2 mg/m3[5]
IDLH (Immediate danger)
 N.D.[5]
Related compounds
Other anions
  • Aluminium fluoride
  • Aluminium bromide
  • Aluminium iodide
Other cations
  • Boron trichloride
  • Gallium trichloride
  • Indium(III) chloride
  • Magnesium chloride
Related Lewis acids
  • Iron(III) chloride
  • Boron trifluoride
Supplementary data page
Aluminium chloride (data page)
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
☒N verify (what is checkY☒N ?)
Infobox references
Aluminium chloride
Clinical data
AHFS/Drugs.comMonograph
License data
  • US DailyMed: aluminum chloride
Routes of
administration		Topical
ATC code
  • None
Identifiers
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)
  • DTXSID6029674 Edit this at Wikidata
ECHA InfoCard100.028.371 Edit this at Wikidata
Data page
Aluminium chloride (data page)

Aluminium chloride, also known as aluminium trichloride, is an inorganic compound with the formula AlCl3. It forms a hexahydrate with the formula [Al(H2O)6]Cl3, containing six water molecules of hydration. Both the anhydrous form and the hexahydrate are colourless crystals, but samples are often contaminated with iron(III) chloride, giving them a yellow colour.

The anhydrous form is important commercially. It has a low melting and boiling point. It is mainly produced and consumed in the production of aluminium, but large amounts are also used in other areas of the chemical industry.[7] The compound is often cited as a Lewis acid. It is an example of an inorganic compound that reversibly changes from a polymer to a monomer at mild temperature.

  1. ^ a b c d Haynes WM, ed. (2011). CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (92nd ed.). Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press. p. 4.45. ISBN 1-4398-5511-0.
  2. ^ a b "Properties of substance: Aluminium chloride". Chemister.ru. 2007-03-19. Archived from the original on 2014-05-05. Retrieved 2017-03-17.
  3. ^ a b Ketelaar JA (1935). "Die Kristallstruktur der Aluminiumhalogenide II". Zeitschrift für Kristallographie – Crystalline Materials. 90 (1–6): 237–255. doi:10.1524/zkri.1935.90.1.237. S2CID 100796636.
  4. ^ a b c d Haynes WM, ed. (2011). CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (92nd ed.). Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press. p. 5.5. ISBN 1-4398-5511-0.
  5. ^ a b c NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards. "#0024". National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH).
  6. ^ Sigma-Aldrich Co., Aluminium chloride.
  7. ^ Helmboldt O, Keith Hudson L, Misra C, Wefers K, Heck W, Stark H, et al. (2007). "Aluminum Compounds, Inorganic". Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry. Weinheim: Wiley-VCH. doi:10.1002/14356007.a01_527.pub2. ISBN 978-3527306732.

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