Soluble in most aprotic solvents: toluene, chloroform, diethyl ether. Reacts with protic solvents such as alcohols
Vapor pressure
384 Pa (−40 °C)
4.7 kPa (0 °C)
15.7 kPa (25 °C)[1]
Refractive index (nD)
1.517 (20°C)[2]
Viscosity
0.6 cP
Structure
Molecular shape
pyramidal
Dipole moment
1.44 D
Thermochemistry
Heat capacity (C)
121.0J/mol (liquid)[3]
Std molar entropy (S⦵298)
309.8kJ/mol (gas)[3]
Std enthalpy of formation (ΔfH⦵298)
−245.6kJ/mol (liquid)[3]
Hazards
Occupational safety and health (OHS/OSH):
Main hazards
Very toxic, corrosive, releases HCl on contact with water
GHS labelling:
Pictograms
Signal word
Danger
Hazard statements
H302, H314, H331
Precautionary statements
P261, P280, P305+P351+P338, P310
NFPA 704 (fire diamond)
4
0
2
W
Flash point
Non-flammable
NIOSH (US health exposure limits):
PEL (Permissible)
None[4]
REL (Recommended)
C 1ppm (5mg/m3)[4]
IDLH (Immediate danger)
N.D.[4]
Related compounds
Related Thionyl halides
Thionyl fluoride
Thionyl bromide
Thionyl iodide
Related compounds
Sulfuryl chloride
Selenium oxydichloride
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
Nverify (what is YN ?)
Infobox references
Chemical compound
Thionyl chloride is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula SOCl2. It is a moderately volatile, colourless liquid with an unpleasant acrid odour. Thionyl chloride is primarily used as a chlorinating reagent, with approximately 45,000 tonnes (50,000 short tons) per year being produced during the early 1990s,[5] but is occasionally also used as a solvent.[6][7][8] It is toxic, reacts with water, and is also listed under the Chemical Weapons Convention as it may be used for the production of chemical weapons.
Thionyl chloride is sometimes confused with sulfuryl chloride, SO2Cl2, but the properties of these compounds differ significantly. Sulfuryl chloride is a source of chlorine whereas thionyl chloride is a source of chloride ions.
^Thionyl chloride in Linstrom, Peter J.; Mallard, William G. (eds.); NIST Chemistry WebBook, NIST Standard Reference Database Number 69, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg (MD) (retrieved 2014-05-11)
^Patnaik, Pradyot (2003). Handbook of Inorganic Chemicals. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill. ISBN 0-07-049439-8.
^ abcLide, David R.; et al., eds. (1996). CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (76th ed.). Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press. pp. 5–10. ISBN 0-8493-0476-8.
^ abcNIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards. "#0611". National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH).
^Lauss, H.-D.; Steffens, W. "Sulfur Halides". Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry. Weinheim: Wiley-VCH. doi:10.1002/14356007.a25_623. ISBN 978-3527306732.
^Oka, Kitaro (1981). "Some Applications of Thionyl Chloride in Synthetic Organic Chemistry". Synthesis. 1981 (9): 661–681. doi:10.1055/s-1981-29563. S2CID 94917739.
^Calderazzo, Fausto; Dell'Amico, Daniela Belli (April 1981). "Syntheses of carbonyl halides of late transition elements in thionyl chloride as solvent. Carbonyl complexes of palladium(II)". Inorganic Chemistry. 20 (4): 1310–1312. doi:10.1021/ic50218a072.
^Garber, E. B.; Pease, L. E. D.; Luder, W. F. (20 April 1953). "Titration of Aprotic Acids in Thionyl Chloride". Analytical Chemistry. 25 (4): 581–583. doi:10.1021/ac60076a012.
Thionylchloride is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula SOCl2. It is a moderately volatile, colourless liquid with an unpleasant acrid odour...
and other additives. Thionylchloride is a well-suited reagent as the by-products (HCl, SO2) are gases and residual thionylchloride can be easily removed...
content within the cell), rupture, and even an explosion. Lithium-thionylchloride batteries are particularly susceptible to this type of discharge. Consumer...
Sulfuryl chloride is commonly confused with thionylchloride, SOCl2. The properties of these two sulfur oxychlorides are quite different: sulfuryl chloride is...
dimethylcarbamoyl chloride, is a potent carcinogen, stemming from the N,N-dimethylformamide decomposition. Relative to thionylchloride, oxalyl chloride tends to...
ice. Examples of covalently-bonded chlorides are phosphorus trichloride, phosphorus pentachloride, and thionylchloride, all three of which are reactive...
adipic acid. It is prepared by treatment of adipic acid with thionylchloride. Adipoyl chloride reacts with hexamethylenediamine to form nylon 6,6. Adipamide...
Hydrogen chloride can also be prepared by the hydrolysis of certain reactive chloride compounds such as phosphorus chlorides, thionylchloride (SOCl2)...
reagents exist for and introducing halogens into diverse substrates, e.g. thionylchloride. Several pathways exist for the halogenation of organic compounds,...
Thionyl bromide is the chemical compound SOBr2. It is less stable and less widely used than its chloride analogue, thionylchloride. It is prepared by...
attractive solvent. Structurally, it is a close chemical relative of thionylchloride SOCl2, being a pyramidal molecule. Selenium oxydichloride can be prepared...
produced by using hydrogen chloride, or with chlorinating agents such as phosphorus pentachloride (PCl5) or thionylchloride (SOCl2). The last is very...
been known to promote the rearrangement. These include tosyl chloride, thionylchloride, phosphorus pentachloride, phosphorus pentoxide, triethylamine...
analysis for classifying alcohols. Alkyl chlorides are most easily prepared by treating alcohols with thionylchloride (SOCl2) or phosphorus pentachloride...
pentachloride (PCl5), sulfuryl chloride (SO2Cl2), phosgene, or thionylchloride (SOCl2). However, these methods usually give acetyl chloride contaminated by phosphorus...
phosgene, thionylchloride, and phosphorus trichloride Phosphorus pentabromide is used for acyl bromides, which are rarely of value. Benzoyl chloride is produced...
aliphatic acyl chlorides. Sebacoyl chloride can be prepared by reacting sebacic acid with an excess of thionylchloride. Residual thionylchloride can be removed...
other acyl chlorides, it can be generated from the parent acid and standard chlorinating agents such as phosphorus pentachloride, thionylchloride, and oxalyl...
gas. Finally, the simplest method relies on treating the zinc chloride with thionylchloride. Molten anhydrous ZnCl2 at 500–700 °C dissolves zinc metal,...
reaction displaying this mechanism is the chlorination of alcohols with thionylchloride, or the decomposition of alkyl chloroformates, the main feature is...
α-chlorocodide, which is itself obtained by treating codeine with thionylchloride. By catalytic reduction, α-chlorocodide gives dihydrodesoxycodeine...
sulfuryl fluoride. Also thionylchloride or thionyl fluoride electrolyzed with hydrogen fluoride produced even more of the gas. Thionyl tetrafluoride reacts...
The thionyl group is SO, a sulfur atom plus an oxygen atom. It occurs in compounds such as thionyl fluoride, SOF2. Thionylchloride, SOCl2, is a common...