This article is about the solution. For the gas, see hydrogen chloride.
Hydrochloric acid
3D model of hydrogen chloride
3D model of water
3D model of the chloride anion
3D model of the hydronium cation
Names
IUPAC name
Chlorane[3]
Other names
Muriatic acid[1]
Spirits of salt[2]
Hydronium chloride
Chlorhydric acid
Identifiers
CAS Number
7647-01-0Y
ChEMBL
ChEMBL1231821N
ChemSpider
307Y
ECHA InfoCard
100.210.665
EC Number
231-595-7
E number
E507 (acidity regulators, ...)
PubChem CID
313
UNII
QTT17582CBY
UN number
1789
Properties
Chemical formula
HCl(aq)
Molar mass
36.46 g·mol−1
Appearance
Colorless, transparent liquid, fumes in air if concentrated
Odor
Pungent characteristic
Density
1.18 g/cm3
Melting point
Concentration-dependent – see table
Boiling point
Concentration-dependent – see table
log P
0.00[4]
Acidity (pKa)
−5.9 (HCl gas)[5]
Pharmacology
ATC code
A09AB03 (WHO) B05XA13 (WHO)
Hazards
GHS labelling:
Pictograms
Signal word
Danger[6]
Hazard statements
H290, H314, H335[6]
Precautionary statements
P260, P280, P303+P361+P353, P305+P351+P338[6]
NFPA 704 (fire diamond)
3
0
1
ACID
Related compounds
Other anions
Hydrofluoric acid
Hydrobromic acid
Hydroiodic acid
Related compounds
Hydrogen chloride
Supplementary data page
Hydrochloric acid (data page)
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
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Infobox references
Chemical compound
Hydrochloric acid, also known as muriatic acid or spirits of salt, is an aqueous solution of hydrogen chloride (HCl). It is a colorless solution with a distinctive pungent smell. It is classified as a strong acid. It is a component of the gastric acid in the digestive systems of most animal species, including humans. Hydrochloric acid is an important laboratory reagent and industrial chemical.[7][8]
^Cite error: The named reference muriatic_acid was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^"spirits of salt". Retrieved 29 May 2012.
^Favre HA, Powell WH, eds. (2014). Nomenclature of Organic Chemistry: IUPAC Recommendations and Preferred Names 2013. Cambridge: The Royal Society of Chemistry. p. 131.
^"Hydrochloric acid". www.chemsrc.com.
^Trummal A, Lipping L, Kaljurand I, Koppel IA, Leito I (May 2016). "Acidity of Strong Acids in Water and Dimethyl Sulfoxide". The Journal of Physical Chemistry A. 120 (20): 3663–9. Bibcode:2016JPCA..120.3663T. doi:10.1021/acs.jpca.6b02253. PMID 27115918. S2CID 29697201.
^ abcSigma-Aldrich Co., Hydrochloric acid.
^Cite error: The named reference G&E was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^Cite error: The named reference Ullmann was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
Hydrochloricacid, also known as muriatic acid or spirits of salt, is an aqueous solution of hydrogen chloride (HCl). It is a colorless solution with a...
which forms white fumes of hydrochloricacid upon contact with atmospheric water vapor. Hydrogen chloride gas and hydrochloricacid are important in technology...
of an acid are said to be acidic. Common aqueous acids include hydrochloricacid (a solution of hydrogen chloride that is found in gastric acid in the...
Latin, "regal water" or "royal water") is a mixture of nitric acid and hydrochloricacid, optimally in a molar ratio of 1:3. Aqua regia is a fuming liquid...
chemistry, a hydrochloride is an acid salt resulting, or regarded as resulting, from the reaction of hydrochloricacid with an organic base (e.g. an amine)...
to neutralize gastric acid passing into the digestive tract. The primary active component of gastric acid is hydrochloricacid (HCl), which is produced...
colorless compound is a stronger acid than sulfuric acid, nitric acid and hydrochloricacid. It is a powerful oxidizer when hot, but aqueous solutions up...
mineral acids form hydrogen ions and the conjugate base when dissolved in water. Commonly used mineral acids are sulfuric acid (H2SO4), hydrochloricacid (HCl)...
Hydrochloricacid regeneration or HCl regeneration is a chemical process for the reclamation of bound and unbound HCl from metal chloride solutions such...
Sulfamic acid, also known as amidosulfonic acid, amidosulfuric acid, aminosulfonic acid, sulphamic acid and sulfamidic acid, is a molecular compound with...
"dephlogisticated muriatic acid air" since it is a gas (then called "airs") and it came from hydrochloricacid (then known as "muriatic acid"). He failed to establish...
determination by the methods of Löwenthal-Procter and of Deijs (formalin-hydrochloricacid method). Colorimetric methods have existed such as the Neubauer-Löwenthal...
the mark persists, further testing involves aqua regia (nitric acid and hydrochloricacid). If the mark dissolves, the item proves to be genuine gold. More...
was first synthesised by Basil Valentine by reacting ethanol and hydrochloricacid in 1440. Glauber made it in 1648 by reacting ethanol and zinc chloride...
acid can dissolve a wide range of metal salts, many of them in significantly higher concentrations than in hydrochloricacid (HCl) or sulfuric acid (H2SO4)...
not react with nitric acid, though pure gold does react with aqua regia, a mixture of concentrated nitric acid and hydrochloricacid. However, some less...
is 318 pm. Boric acid may be prepared by reacting borax (sodium tetraborate decahydrate) with a mineral acid, such as hydrochloricacid: Na2B4O7·10H2O +...
Achlorhydria and hypochlorhydria refer to states where the production of hydrochloricacid in gastric secretions of the stomach and other digestive organs is...
types of acid used in these attacks are sulfuric and nitric acid. Hydrochloricacid is sometimes used but is much less damaging. Aqueous solutions of...
1326 European Chemicals Bureau Viscosities of Aqueous HydrochloricAcid Solutions, and Densities and Viscosities of Aqueous Hydroiodic Acid Solutions...
effects of chemicals like concentrated hydrochloricacid while also aiding lubrication. Hydrochloricacid provides acidic pH for pepsin. At the same time protein...
reducing agents, and can be prepared from aluminum–silicon alloys and hydrochloricacid. Several inorganic compounds have been formed with silicon and other...
hexoses (glucose, fructose) or starch in dilute hydrochloricacid or sulfuric acid. In addition to formic acid further, partly insoluble, by-products are produced...
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