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Phosphine information


This article is about PH3. For organic derivatives, see Organophosphine. For the visual phenomenon, see phosphene. For the star, see Kepler-289.
Not to be confused with Phosgene.

Phosphine
Skeletal formula of phosphine
Ball-and-stick model of phosphine
Ball-and-stick model of phosphine
Spacefill model of phosphine
Spacefill model of phosphine
  Phosphorus, P
  Hydrogen, H
Names
IUPAC name
Phosphane
Other names
Hydrogen phosphide
Phosphamine
Phosphorus trihydride
Phosphorated hydrogen
Identifiers
CAS Number
  • 7803-51-2 checkY
3D model (JSmol)
  • Interactive image
ChEBI
  • CHEBI:30278 checkY
ChemSpider
  • 22814 checkY
ECHA InfoCard 100.029.328 Edit this at Wikidata
EC Number
  • 232-260-8
Gmelin Reference
 287
PubChem CID
  • 24404
RTECS number
  • SY7525000
UNII
  • FW6947296I checkY
UN number 2199
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)
  • DTXSID2021157 Edit this at Wikidata
InChI
  • InChI=1S/H3P/h1H3 checkY
    Key: XYFCBTPGUUZFHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N checkY
  • InChI=1/H3P/h1H3
    Key: XYFCBTPGUUZFHI-UHFFFAOYAP
SMILES
  • P
Properties
Chemical formula
 PH3
Molar mass 33.99758 g/mol
Appearance Colourless gas
Odor odorless as pure compound; fish-like or garlic-like commercially[1]
Density 1.379 g/L, gas (25 °C)
Melting point −132.8 °C (−207.0 °F; 140.3 K)
Boiling point −87.7 °C (−125.9 °F; 185.5 K)
Solubility in water
 31.2 mg/100 ml (17 °C)
Solubility Soluble in alcohol, ether, CS2
slightly soluble in benzene, chloroform, ethanol
Vapor pressure 41.3 atm (20 °C)[1]
Conjugate acid Phosphonium (chemical formula PH+
4)
Refractive index (nD)
 2.144
Viscosity 1.1×10−5 Pa⋅s
Structure
Molecular shape
 Trigonal pyramidal
Dipole moment
 0.58 D
Thermochemistry
Heat capacity (C)
 37 J/mol⋅K
Std molar
entropy (S⦵298)
 210 J/mol⋅K[2]
Std enthalpy of
formation (ΔfH⦵298)
 5 kJ/mol[2]
Gibbs free energy (ΔfG⦵)
 13 kJ/mol
Hazards
GHS labelling:
Pictograms
 GHS02: Flammable GHS06: Toxic GHS05: Corrosive GHS09: Environmental hazard
NFPA 704 (fire diamond)
NFPA 704 four-colored diamondHealth 4: Very short exposure could cause death or major residual injury. E.g. VX gasFlammability 4: Will rapidly or completely vaporize at normal atmospheric pressure and temperature, or is readily dispersed in air and will burn readily. Flash point below 23 °C (73 °F). E.g. propaneInstability 2: Undergoes violent chemical change at elevated temperatures and pressures, reacts violently with water, or may form explosive mixtures with water. E.g. white phosphorusSpecial hazards (white): no code
4
4
2
Flash point Flammable gas
Autoignition
temperature
 38 °C (100 °F; 311 K) (see text)
Explosive limits 1.79–98%[1]
Lethal dose or concentration (LD, LC):
LD50 (median dose)
 3.03 mg/kg (rat, oral)
LC50 (median concentration)
 11 ppm (rat, 4 hr)[3]
LCLo (lowest published)
 1000 ppm (mammal, 5 min)
270 ppm (mouse, 2 hr)
100 ppm (guinea pig, 4 hr)
50 ppm (cat, 2 hr)
2500 ppm (rabbit, 20 min)
1000 ppm (human, 5 min)[3]
NIOSH (US health exposure limits):
PEL (Permissible)
 TWA 0.3 ppm (0.4 mg/m3)[1]
REL (Recommended)
 TWA 0.3 ppm (0.4 mg/m3), ST 1 ppm (1 mg/m3)[1]
IDLH (Immediate danger)
 50 ppm[1]
Safety data sheet (SDS) ICSC 0694
Related compounds
Other cations
  • Ammonia
  • Arsine
  • Stibine
  • Bismuthine
Related compounds
  • Trimethylphosphine
  • Triphenylphosphine
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
checkY verify (what is checkY☒N ?)
Infobox references

Phosphine (IUPAC name: phosphane) is a colorless, flammable, highly toxic compound with the chemical formula PH3, classed as a pnictogen hydride. Pure phosphine is odorless, but technical grade samples have a highly unpleasant odor like rotting fish, due to the presence of substituted phosphine and diphosphane (P2H4). With traces of P2H4 present, PH3 is spontaneously flammable in air (pyrophoric), burning with a luminous flame. Phosphine is a highly toxic respiratory poison, and is immediately dangerous to life or health at 50 ppm. Phosphine has a trigonal pyramidal structure.

Phosphines are compounds that include PH3 and the organophosphines, which are derived from PH3 by substituting one or more hydrogen atoms with organic groups.[4] They have the general formula PH3−nRn. Phosphanes are saturated phosphorus hydrides of the form PnHn+2, such as triphosphane.[5] Phosphine, PH3, is the smallest of the phosphines and the smallest of the phosphanes.

  1. ^ a b c d e f NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards. "#0505". National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH).
  2. ^ a b Zumdahl, Steven S. (2009). Chemical Principles (6th ed.). Houghton Mifflin. p. A22. ISBN 978-0-618-94690-7.
  3. ^ a b "Phosphine". Immediately Dangerous to Life or Health Concentrations (IDLH). National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH).
  4. ^ IUPAC, Compendium of Chemical Terminology, 2nd ed. (the "Gold Book") (1997). Online corrected version: (2006–) "phosphines". doi:10.1351/goldbook.P04553
  5. ^ IUPAC, Compendium of Chemical Terminology, 2nd ed. (the "Gold Book") (1997). Online corrected version: (2006–) "phosphanes". doi:10.1351/goldbook.P04548

and 21 Related for: Phosphine information

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Phosphine

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Phosphine (IUPAC name: phosphane) is a colorless, flammable, highly toxic compound with the chemical formula PH3, classed as a pnictogen hydride. Pure...

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Phosphine sulfide

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tertiary phosphine sulfide is triphenylphosphine sulfide. Phosphine sulfides are sometimes intermediates in the synthesis of tertiary phosphines. Phosphine sulfides...

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Phosphine telluride

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analogous to phosphine oxides, phosphine sulfides, and phosphine selenides. Unlike other members of this series, the phosphine tellurides are labile with...

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Life on Venus

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September 2020, research was published that reported the presence of phosphine in the planet's atmosphere, a potential biosignature. However, doubts...

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Phosphine oxide

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Phosphine oxides are phosphorus compounds with the formula OPX3. When X = alkyl or aryl, these are organophosphine oxides. Triphenylphosphine oxide is...

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Organophosphine

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classified according to the value of n: primary phosphines (n = 1), secondary phosphines (n = 2), tertiary phosphines (n = 3). All adopt pyramidal structures...

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Atmosphere of Venus

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discussion regarding whether phosphine (PH3) might be present in trace amounts in Venus's atmosphere. This would be noteworthy as phosphine is a potential biomarker...

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Triphenylphosphine

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temperature with irradiation: Sulfonation of PPh3 gives tris(3-sulfophenyl)phosphine, P(C6H4-3-SO3−)3 (TPPTS), usually isolated as the trisodium salt. In contrast...

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Organophosphorus chemistry

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by their coordination number σ and their valency λ. In this system, a phosphine is a σ3λ3 compound. Phosphate esters have the general structure P(=O)(OR)3...

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Phosphine imide

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In chemistry a phosphine imide (sometimes abbreviated to phosphinimide) also known as a iminophosphorane is a functional group with the formula R3P=NR...

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Hexamethylphosphoramide

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organic synthesis. HMPA is the oxide tris(dimethylamino)phosphine, P(NMe2)3. Like other phosphine oxides (such as triphenylphosphine oxide), the molecule...

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Trimethylphosphine

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of trimethylphosphine has predominantly s-character as is the case for phosphine, PH3. PMe3 can be prepared by the treatment of triphenyl phosphite with...

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Pi backbonding

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oxidation states that have ligands such as carbon monoxide, olefins, or phosphines. The ligands involved in π backbonding can be broken into three groups:...

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Aluminium phosphide

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exposing the AlP to any sources of moisture, as this generates toxic phosphine gas. Phosphine also poses fire hazards, as it is a dangerous pyrophoric compound...

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Phosphorus

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for phosphine and its organic derivatives. Phosphine is an ill-smelling, toxic gas. Phosphorus has an oxidation number of −3 in phosphine. Phosphine is...

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Dialkylbiaryl phosphine ligands

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Dialkylbiaryl phosphine ligands are phosphine ligands that are used in homogeneous catalysis. They have proved useful in Buchwald-Hartwig amination and...

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Ligand cone angle

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of the ligand atoms at the perimeter of the base of the cone. Tertiary phosphine ligands are commonly classified using this parameter, but the method can...

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Aluminium phosphide poisoning

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The toxicity of aluminium phosphide is attributed to the liberation of phosphine gas, a cytotoxic compound that causes free radical mediated injury, inhibits...

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Palladium compounds

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respectively. Many other more exotic ligands form a large variety of palladium-phosphine catalysts, such as 1,1'-bis(diphenylphosphino)ferrocene (dppf) to form...

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Triphenylphosphine selenide

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Triphenylphosphine selenide is an organophosphorus compound with the formula (C6H5)3PSe. It is a white solid which is soluble in most organic solvents...

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Venus

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of the planet's clouds. One proposed source for this phosphine is living organisms. The phosphine was detected at heights of at least 30 miles (48 km)...

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