Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
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Chemical compound
Hypochlorous acid is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula ClOH, also written as HClO, HOCl, or ClHO.[2][3] Its structure is H−O−Cl. It is an acid that forms when chlorine dissolves in water, and itself partially dissociates, forming hypochlorite anion, ClO−. HClO and ClO− are oxidizers, and the primary disinfection agents of chlorine solutions.[4] HClO cannot be isolated from these solutions due to rapid equilibration with its precursor, chlorine.
Because of its strong antimicrobial properties, the related compounds sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) and calcium hypochlorite (Ca(OCl)2) are ingredients in many commercial bleaches, deodorants, and disinfectants.[5] The white blood cells of mammals, such as humans, also contain hypochlorous acid as a tool against foreign bodies.[6] In living organisms, HOCl is generated by the reaction of hydrogen peroxide with chloride ions under the catalysis of the heme enzyme myeloperoxidase (MPO).[7]
Like many other disinfectants, hypochlorous acid solutions will destroy pathogens, such as COVID-19, absorbed on surfaces.[8] In low concentrations, such solutions can serve to disinfect open wounds.[9]
^Harris, Daniel C. (2009). Exploring Chemical Analysis (Fourth ed.). p. 538.
^"Hypochlorous acid". CAS Common Chemistry. CAS, a division of the American Chemical Society, n.d. CAS RN: 7790-92-3. Retrieved 2022-04-12.
^"hypochlorous acid". Chemical Entities of Biological Interest. European Bioinformatics Institute. CHEBI:24757. Retrieved 2022-04-12.
^Sansebastiano, G. et al. Page 262 in Food Safety: A Practical and Case Study Approach (Ed: R. J. Marshall) 2006, Springer Science & Business Media, Berlin.
^Block, Michael S.; Rowan, Brian G. (September 2020). "Hypochlorous Acid: A Review". Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery. 78 (9): 1461–1466. doi:10.1016/j.joms.2020.06.029. ISSN 0278-2391. PMC 7315945. PMID 32653307.
^Ghoshal K, et al. (July 2016). "A novel sensor to estimate the prevalence of hypochlorous (HOCl) toxicity in individuals with type 2 diabetes and dyslipidemia". Clinica Chimica Acta. 458: 144–153. doi:10.1016/j.cca.2016.05.006. PMID 27178483.
^US EPA, OCSPP (2020-03-13). "List N: Disinfectants for Coronavirus (COVID-19)". US EPA. Retrieved 2021-02-08.
^"Pure Hypochlorous Acid: A Primer on pH and Wound Solutions". WoundSource. 2020-11-05. Retrieved 2021-02-08..
Hypochlorousacid is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula ClOH, also written as HClO, HOCl, or ClHO. Its structure is H−O−Cl. It is an acid...
aqueous solution as bleach or chlorine bleach. It is the sodium salt of hypochlorousacid, consisting of sodium cations (Na+) and hypochlorite anions (−OCl...
hypohalous acid is an oxyacid consisting of a hydroxyl group single-bonded to any halogen. Examples include hypofluorous acid, hypochlorousacid, hypobromous...
disproportionating to hypochlorousacid (Cl oxidation state +1) and chloric acid (Cl oxidation state +5): 2 HClO2 → HClO + HClO3 Although the acid is difficult...
chloride. The electrolysis of such salt solutions produces a solution of hypochlorousacid and sodium hydroxide. The resulting water can be used as a disinfectant...
involve the use of hypochlorousacid. 1,3-Dibromo-5,5-Dimethylhydantoin is a source of bromine, which is equivalent to hypobromous acid (HOBr). Br2X + 2...
of hypochlorites generates hypochlorousacid, which exists in an equilibrium with chlorine. A lowered pH (ie. towards acid) drives the following reaction...
Chlorine forms four oxoacids: hypochlorousacid (HOCl), chlorous acid (HOClO), chloric acid (HOClO2), and perchloric acid (HOClO3). As can be seen from...
chlorine has the four following oxyacids: hypochlorousacid HClO chlorous acid HClO2 chloric acid HClO3 perchloric acid HClO4 Some elemental atoms can exist...
spectroscopy has confirmed that chlorine is predominantly present as hypochlorousacid (HClO). Parabens can react with HClO to form mono- and di- chlorinated...
hydrogen is transported away from the anode mostly as hypochlorousacid rather than H+. The hypochlorousacid dissociates in the bulk electrolyte where the pH...
combination with its congener, hypochlorousacid. Ximenes, V. F., Morgon, N. H., & de Souza, A. R. (2015). Hypobromous acid, a powerful endogenous electrophile:...
Perchloric acid is a mineral acid with the formula HClO4. Usually found as an aqueous solution, this colorless compound is a stronger acid than sulfuric acid, nitric...
The conjugate base is known in salts such as lithium hypofluorite. Hypochlorousacid, a related compound that is more technologically important but has...
blood cells), and produces hypohalous acids to carry out their antimicrobial activity, including hypochlorousacid, the sodium salt of which is the chemical...
the hypochlorousacid that was formed from the initial BCDMH: Br− + HOCl → HOBr + Cl− This produces more hypobromous acid; the hypochlorousacid itself...
of dissolved salt to produce chlorine gas or its dissolved forms, hypochlorousacid and sodium hypochlorite, which are already commonly used as sanitizing...
by acidifying with hydrochloric acid. It can also be made by passing acetylene through solutions of hypochlorousacid.[citation needed] As a laboratory...
medium (pH 8.5–11). The acting chlorinating agent in this reaction is hypochlorousacid (HOCl), which has to be generated by protonation of hypochlorite,...
chlorine oxide family of compounds, as well as being the anhydride of hypochlorousacid. It is a strong oxidiser and chlorinating agent. The earliest method...
bacteria, myeloperoxidase converts hydrogen peroxide (H 2O 2) into hypochlorousacid (HOCl). HOCl is the most potent oxidant generated by neutrophils,...
to form hypochlorousacid, a very weak acid: Cl2O + H2O ⇌ 2 HOCl Chlorine(VII) oxide reacts with water to form perchloric acid, a strong acid: Cl2O7 +...
very unstable and rapidly decomposes. It is the silver(I) salt of hypochlorousacid. The salt consists of silver(I) cations (Ag+) and hypochlorite cations...
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