Part of the Atlantic Revolutions, French Revolutionary Wars, and Napoleonic Wars
Date
21 August 1791 – 1 January 1804 (12 years, 4 months, 1 week and 4 days)
Location
Hispaniola
Result
Haitian victory
Territorial changes
Independent Empire of Haiti established
Belligerents
1791–1793
St. Dominican Rebels
Spain (from 1793)
St. Dominican Royalists
1793–1798
French Republic
1798–1801
Louverture Loyalists
1802–1804
Armée Indigène
United Kingdom
1791–1793
Kingdom of France (until 1792)
French Republic
1793–1798
Spain (until 1795)
St. Dominican Royalists
1798–1801
Rigaud Loyalists
1802–1804
France
Great Britain (1793–1798)
Commanders and leaders
1791–1793
Dutty Boukman †
Jean-François Papillon
Georges Biassou
Toussaint Louverture
Vincent Ogé
1793–1798
Paul-Louis Dubuc
Joaquín Moreno
1798–1801
Toussaint Louverture
1802–1804
Toussaint Louverture
Jean-Jacques Dessalines
Henri Christophe
Alexandre Pétion
François Capois
John Duckworth
John Loring
1791–1793
Viscount de Blanchelande
Léger-Félicité Sonthonax
1793–1798
Toussaint Louverture
André Rigaud
Alexandre Pétion
1798–1801
André Rigaud
1802–1804
Napoleon Bonaparte
Charles Leclerc #
Vicomte de Rochambeau
Villaret de Joyeuse
Thomas Maitland
Casualties and losses
Haitians: 200,000 dead[1]
France: 75,000 dead[1]
White colonists: 25,000 dead[1]
British: 45,000 dead[1]
v
t
e
Haitian Revolution
Bois Caïman
Croix-des-Bouquets
Morne Pelé
1st Tannerie
1st Port-au-Prince
Cap-Français
Marmelade
Fort-Dauphin
1st Tiburon
Acul
La Bombarde
2nd Tiburon
Les Gonaïves
Port-Républicain
1st Dondon
2nd Tannerie
Saint-Marc
Léogane
Saint-Raphaël
Trutier
3rd Tiburon
1st Verrettes
Grande-Rivière
Las Cahobas
Mirebalais
2nd Verrettes
Petite-Rivière
2nd Dondon
1st Irois
Jean-Rabel
2nd Irois
Jacmel
War of Knives
Saint-Domingue expedition
Ravine-à-Couleuvres
Kellola
Plaisance
Crête-à-Pierrot
2nd Port-au-Prince
Saint-Domingue
Môle-Saint-Nicolas
Vertières
v
t
e
French Revolutionary Wars
Haitian Revolution
War of the First Coalition
Italian campaigns
Naval campaigns
War in the Vendée
East Indies theatre
Chouannerie
United Irishmen Rebellion
Peasants' War
War of the Second Coalition
Quasi-War
Timeline
1792
1793
1794
1795
1796
1797
1798
1799
1800
1801
Part of a series on the
History of Haiti
Pre-Columbian Haiti (before 1492)
Captaincy General of Santo Domingo (1492–1625)
Saint-Domingue (1625–1804)
Haitian Revolution
First Empire of Haiti (1804–1806)
1804 Haiti massacre
Siege of Santo Domingo
North Haiti (1806–1820)
State of Haiti
Kingdom of Haiti
South Haiti (1806–1820)
First Republic of Haiti
Republic of Haiti (1820–1849)
Unification of Hispaniola
Second Empire of Haiti (1849–1859)
Haitian-Dominican Wars
Republic of Haiti (1859–1957)
United States occupation of Haiti
Duvalier dynasty (1957–1986)
Anti-Duvalier protest movement
Republic of Haiti (1986–present)
1991 Haitian coup d'état
Operation Uphold Democracy
2004 Haitian coup d'état
2010 Haiti earthquake
United Nations Stabilisation Mission in Haiti
Assassination of Jovenel Moïse
2021 Haiti earthquake
Timeline
Topics
Military history
List of revolutions and coups d'état
Women's history
Haiti portal
v
t
e
Part of a series on
Political revolution
By class
Bourgeois
Communist
Counter-revolutionary
Democratic
Proletarian
By other characteristic
Colour
From above
Nonviolent
Passive
Permanent
Social
Wave
Methods
Boycott
Civil disobedience
Civil disorder
Civil war
Class conflict
Coup d'état
Demonstration
Guerrilla warfare
Insurgency
Mutiny
Nonviolent resistance
Protest
Rebellion
Riot
Samizdat
Strike action
Tax resistance
Terror
Examples
English
Atlantic
American
Brabant
Liège
French
Haitian
Spanish American
Serbian
Greek
1820
1830
July
Belgian
Texas
1848
Italian states
February
German
Hungarian
Eureka
Bulgarian unification
Philippine
Iranian
First
Second
Young Turk
Mexican
Chinese
Xinhai
Communist
Cultural
1917–1923
Russian
German
Siamese
Spanish
August
Guatemalan
Hungarian (1956)
Cuban
Rwandan
Nicaraguan
Argentine
Carnation
Saur
People Power
1989
Yogurt
Velvet
Romanian
Singing
Bolivarian
Bulldozer
Rose
Orange
Tulip
Kyrgyz
Arab Spring
Tunisian
Egyptian
Yemeni
Euromaidan
Second Arab Spring
Sudanese
Politics portal
v
t
e
The Haitian Revolution (French: révolution haïtienne or French: La guerre de l'indépendanceFrench pronunciation:[ʁevɔlysjɔ̃a.i.sjɛn]; Haitian Creole: Lagè d Lendependans) was a successful insurrection by self-liberated slaves against French colonial rule in Saint-Domingue, now the sovereign state of Haiti.
The revolt began on 22 August 1791,[2] and ended in 1804 with the former colony's independence. It involved black, biracial, French, Spanish, British, and Polish participants—with the ex-slave Toussaint Louverture emerging as Haiti's most prominent general. The revolution was the only slave uprising that led to the founding of a state which was both free from slavery (though not from forced labour)[3] and ruled by non-whites and former captives.[4] The successful revolution was a defining moment in the history of the Atlantic World[5][6] and the revolution's effects on the institution of slavery were felt throughout the Americas. The end of French rule and the abolition of slavery in the former colony was followed by a successful defense of the freedoms the former slaves had won, and with the collaboration of already free people of color, of their independence from white Europeans.[7][8][9]
The revolution was the largest slave uprising since Spartacus' unsuccessful revolt against the Roman Republic nearly 1,900 years earlier,[10] and challenged long-held European beliefs about alleged black inferiority and about slaves' ability to achieve and maintain their own freedom. The rebels' organizational capacity and tenacity under pressure inspired stories that shocked and frightened slave owners in the hemisphere.[11]
Compared to other Atlantic revolutions, the events in Haiti have received comparatively little public attention in retrospect: historian Michel-Rolph Trouillot characterizes the historiography of the Haitian Revolution as being "silenced" by that of the French Revolution.[12][13][14]
^ abcdScheina. Latin America's Wars. Potomac Books. p. 1772.
^Adam Hochschild (2005). Bury the Chains. Houghton Mifflin. p. 257.
^Ghachem, Malick W.; Danforth, Susan. "The Other Revolution". John Carter Brown Library. Brown University. Retrieved 11 March 2022.
^Franklin W. Knight (February 2000). "The Haitian Revolution". The American Historical Review. 105 (1): 103–115. doi:10.2307/2652438. JSTOR 2652438.
^"Why Haiti should be at the centre of the Age of Revolution – Laurent Dubois". Aeon Essays. Retrieved 4 September 2019.
^Joseph, Celucien L. (2012). "'The Haitian Turn': An Appraisal of Recent Literary and Historiographical Works on the Haitian Revolution". Journal of Pan African Studies. 5 (6): 37–55.
^Taber, Robert D. (2015). "Navigating Haiti's History: Saint-Domingue and the Haitian Revolution". History Compass. 13 (5): 235–250. doi:10.1111/hic3.12233.
^Bongie, Chris (2008). Friends and Enemies: The Scribal Politics of Post/colonial Literature. Liverpool, UK: Liverpool University Press. p. 45. ISBN 978-1846311420.
^Curtis Comstock, Sandra (2012). Incorporating Comparisons in the Rift: Making Use of Cross-Place Events and Histories in Moments of World Historical Change, a chapter in Anna Amelina, Beyond methodological nationalism: research methodologies for cross-border studies. Taylor and Francis. pp. 183–185. ISBN 978-0-415-89962-8.
^Vulliamy, Ed, ed. (28 August 2010). "The 10 best revolutionaries". The Guardian. Retrieved 15 December 2015.
^Philip James Kaisary (2008). The Literary Impact of the Haitian Revolution, PhD dissertation. University of Warwick. pp. 8–10.
^Michel-Rolph Trouillot, Silencing the Past: Power and the Production of History.
^Marlene Daut, Tropics of Haiti.
^Hoel, 2021-et-la-revolution-francaise.
and 26 Related for: Haitian Revolution information
The HaitianRevolution (French: révolution haïtienne or French: La guerre de l'indépendance French pronunciation: [ʁevɔlysjɔ̃ a.i.sjɛn]; Haitian Creole:...
The HaitianRevolution (1791-1804) and the subsequent emancipation of Haiti as an independent state provoked mixed reactions in the United States. Among...
The 1804 Haiti massacre, sometimes referred to as the Haitian genocide, was carried out by Afro-Haitian soldiers, mostly former slaves, under orders from...
after the Haitian Army folded in 1995, the Haitian National Police (HNP) gained sole power of authority on the Haitian citizens. Many Haitians as well as...
During the HaitianRevolution (1791–1804), Haitian women of all social positions participated in the revolt that successfully ousted French colonial power...
Haitian Vodou (/ˈvoʊduː/) is an African diasporic religion that developed in Haiti between the 16th and 19th centuries. It arose through a process of syncretism...
other movements, including the French Revolution in 1789 and the HaitianRevolution in 1791. These revolutions were based on the equivocation of personal...
state of Haiti since the beginning of the HaitianRevolution in 1791. Full independence of Haiti was declared in 1804. Between 1806 and 1820 Haiti was divided...
decided to turn on the French army and join the Haitian former slaves, and participated in the Haitianrevolution of 1804, supporting the principles of liberty...
Jean-Jacques Dessalines, marking the end of 13-year long HaitianRevolution. The declaration marked Haiti becoming the first independent nation of Latin America...
Haitian cuisine consists of cooking traditions and practices from Haiti. It is a Creole cuisine that originates from a blend of several culinary styles...
settled in Haiti were killed or fled during the HaitianRevolution. The presence of whites in Haiti dates back to the founding of La Navidad, the first...
leader of the HaitianRevolution. Born in Senegambia (present-day Senegal and Gambia), he was enslaved to Jamaica. He eventually ended up in Haiti, where he...
Haitianrevolution and the revolution culminated in 1804; Haiti was an independent nation solely of freed peoples. The activities of the revolutions sparked...
The Haitian occupation of Santo Domingo (Spanish: Ocupación haitiana de Santo Domingo; French: Occupation haïtienne de Saint-Domingue; Haitian Creole:...
elimination of slavery there and the founding of the Republic of Haiti. The HaitianRevolution was the only slave revolt which led to the founding of a state...
Bréda (20 May 1743 – 7 April 1803), was a Haitian general and the most prominent leader of the HaitianRevolution. During his life, Louverture first fought...
Haitian Flag Day (French: La fête du drapeau haïtien) is a Haitian holiday to celebrate the creation of the Flag of Haiti during the Haitian revolution...
later joined the Haitian slaves during the HaitianRevolution. Some 400 to 500 of these Poles are believed to have settled in Haiti after the war. They...
Assembly. In 1791, the enslaved Africans of Saint-Domingue began the HaitianRevolution, aimed at the overthrow of the colonial regime. Arawak and Taino people...
million francs to be paid by Haiti in claims over property – including Haitian slaves – that was lost through the HaitianRevolution in return for diplomatic...
the HaitianRevolution (1791–1804), the Spanish American wars of independence (1808–1826), the European Revolutions of 1848, the Mexican Revolution (1910–1920)...
related to HaitiHaitian Creole, a French-based Creole Haitian French, variant of the French language Haitians, an ethnic group Haitian art Haitian Carnival...
shaped the evolution of the HaitianRevolution as peoples of African descent rose up against the white colonial planters. Haitians are primarily of African...
that began the HaitianRevolution. With Jean-François and Jeannot, he was prophesied by the vodou priest Dutty Boukman to lead the revolution. Like some other...
rebellion in Haiti that the struggle for independence in Latin America can be traced to. However, several Haitian leaders following the revolution employed...