United States and the Haitian Revolution information
The Haitian Revolution (1791-1804) and the subsequent emancipation of Haiti as an independent state provoked mixed reactions in the United States. Among many white Americans, this led to uneasiness, instilling fears of racial instability on its own soil and possible problems with foreign relations and trade between the two countries. Among enslaved black Americans, it fueled hope that the principles of the recent American Revolution might be realized in their own liberation.
While the Haitian Revolution was occurring during the presidencies of George Washington and John Adams, members of the Federalist Party including Alexander Hamilton supported Toussaint Louverture and his revolution. John Adams appointed Edward Stevens as US consul-general to Haiti to forge a closer relationship between the two nations and express US support for Louverture's government. Alexander Hamilton assisted in drafting the constitution of Haiti and he advocated for closer diplomatic and economic relations between Haiti and the United States.
The U.S. started to become less diplomatic to Haiti under the presidency of Thomas Jefferson. Thomas Jefferson recognized that the revolution had the potential to cause an upheaval against slavery in the US not only by slaves, but by white abolitionists as well. Southern slaveholders feared the revolt might spread from the island of Hispaniola to their own plantations. Against this background and with the declared primary goal of maintaining social order in Haiti, the US, refused acknowledgement of Haitian independence until 1862.
The US also embargoed trade with the nascent state. American merchants had conducted a substantial trade with the plantations on Hispaniola throughout the 18th century, the French-ruled territory providing nearly all of its sugar and coffee. However, once the Haitian slave population emancipated itself, the US was reluctant to continue trade for fear of upsetting the evicted French on one hand and its Southern slaveholders on the other.
Despite this, there were anti-slavery advocates in northern cities who believed that consistency with the principles of the American Revolution — life, liberty and equality for all — demanded that the US support the Haitian people.
One outcome of the Haitian Revolution for the United States of America was the Louisiana Purchase. Having lost his control of the Caribbean landholding, Napoleon saw no further use for Louisiana. The US was only interested in the New Orleans area; however, the revolution enabled the sale of the entire territory west of the Mississippi River for around $15 million. This purchase more than doubled US territory.[1][2][3][4][5]
^Matthewson, Timothy M. (1979). "George Washington's Policy Toward the Haitian Revolution*". Diplomatic History. 3 (3): 321–336. doi:10.1111/j.1467-7709.1979.tb00318.x.
^Calvin, Matthew, J (2010). Toussaint Louverture and the American Civil War: The Promise and Peril of a Second Haitian Revolution. University of Pennsylvania Press, 2010. ISBN 9780812242058.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
^Popkin, Jeremy, D (2012). A Concise History of the Haitian Revolution. John Wiley & Sons, 2012. ISBN 9781405198202.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
^Dubois, Laurent. "Two Revolutions In The Atlantic World: Connections Between The American Revolution and The Haitian Revolution". Gilder Lehrman. The Gilder Lehrman Institute of American History. Retrieved 16 July 2017.
^Cite error: The named reference haitiasantiwhite was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
and 23 Related for: United States and the Haitian Revolution information
TheHaitianRevolution (French: révolution haïtienne or French: La guerre de l'indépendance French pronunciation: [ʁevɔlysjɔ̃ a.i.sjɛn]; Haitian Creole:...
Americans strained relations between theUnitedStatesandHaiti, with theUnitedStates initially refusing to recognize Haitian independence while slaveholders...
Haitian Americans (French: Haïtiens-Américains; Haitian Creole: ayisyen ameriken) are a group of Americans of full or partial Haitian origin or descent...
the first of the "Atlantic Revolutions": followed most notably by the French Revolution, theHaitianRevolution, andthe Latin American wars of independence...
Mary TheHaitian Cultural Arts Alliance Haiti portal Florida portal Haiti–UnitedStates relations Haitian Americans UnitedStatesandtheHaitian Revolution...
September 1804, and the Emperor of Haiti from 2 September 1804 to 17 October 1806. UnitedStatesandtheHaitianRevolution Armée Indigène Armistice of March...
prescribed by theHaitian Constitution and no election has been held to fill those vacated seats. /ˈheɪti/ HAY-tee; French: Haïti [a.iti]; Haitian Creole: Ayiti...
America. The American Revolution inspired other movements, including the French Revolution in 1789 andtheHaitianRevolution in 1791. These revolutions were...
The Armed Forces of Haiti (French: Forces Armées d'Haïti—FAd'H), consisted of theHaitian Army, Haitian Navy (at times), theHaitian Air Force, Haitian...
The 1804 Haiti massacre, sometimes referred to as theHaitian genocide, was carried out by Afro-Haitian soldiers, mostly former slaves, under orders from...
Switzerland, Turks and Caicos, among others. In theUnitedStates there are an estimated 2,003,000 people of Haitian ancestry, according to the 2010 Census;...
the heads of state of Haiti since the beginning of theHaitianRevolution in 1791. Full independence of Haiti was declared in 1804. Between 1806 and 1820...
history United States occupation of Haiti 2018–2019 Haitian protests 2020 Royal Chapel of Milot fire "Fort-Liberté: A captivating Site". Haitian Treasures...
million francs to be paid by Haiti in claims over property – including Haitian slaves – that was lost through theHaitianRevolution in return for diplomatic...
allies: the Revolutionary Forces of the G9 Family and Allies (FRG9 or G9) andthe G-Pep. The Government of HaitiandHaitian security forces have struggled...
whites around theHaitianRevolution, mainly French, in Saint-Domingue. They were divided into two main groups: The Planters and Petit Blancs. The first Europeans...
An Unbroken Agony: Haiti, From Revolution to the Kidnapping of a President is a book on the history of Haiti by Randall Robinson in 2008. According to...
United States), five major territories, and various minor islands. Both thestatesandtheUnitedStates as a whole are each sovereign jurisdictions. The Tenth...
Haitians (French: Haïtiens, Haitian Creole: Ayisyen) are the citizens of Haitiandthe descendants in the diaspora through direct parentage. An ethnonational...
Haitian Vodou (/ˈvoʊduː/) is an African diasporic religion that developed in Haiti between the 16th and 19th centuries. It arose through a process of...