Slave labor as a legal institution extant 1492–1804
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Slavery in Haiti began after the arrival of Christopher Columbus on the island in 1492 with the European colonists that followed from Portugal, Spain and France. The practice was devastating to the native population. Following the indigenous Tainos' near decimation from forced labor, disease and war, the Spanish, under initial advisement of the Catholic priest Bartolomé de las Casas and with the blessing of the Catholic church, began engaging in earnest during the 17th century in the forced labor of enslaved Africans. During the French colonial period, beginning in 1625, the economy of Saint-Domingue (today Haiti), was based on slavery; conditions on Saint-Domingue became notoriously bad even compared to chattel slavery conditions elsewhere.[1]
The Haitian Revolution of 1791-1803, became the only successful slave revolt in human history, and precipitated the end of slavery not only in Saint-Domingue, but in all French colonies. However, this revolt has only merited a marginal role in the histories of Portuguese and Spanish America. Moreover, it is to this rebellion in Haiti that the struggle for independence in Latin America can be traced to.[2] However, several Haitian leaders following the revolution employed forced labor, believing a plantation-style economy was the only way for Haiti to succeed, and building fortifications to safeguard against attack by the French. During the U.S. occupation between 1915 and 1934, the U.S. marines forced Haitians to work building roads for defense against Haitian resistance fighters.
Unpaid labor is still a practice in Haiti. As many as half a million children are unpaid domestic servants called restavek, who routinely suffer physical and sexual abuse. Additionally, human trafficking, including child trafficking is a significant problem in Haiti; trafficked people are brought into, out of, and through Haiti for forced labor, including sex trafficking. The groups most at risk include the poor, women, children, the homeless, and people migrating across the border with the Dominican Republic.
The devastating earthquake in 2010 displaced many, rendering them homeless, isolated, and supremely vulnerable to exploitation by traffickers. The chaos following the quake also distracted authorities and hindered efforts to stop trafficking. The government has taken steps to prevent and stop trafficking, ratifying human rights conventions and enacting laws to protect the vulnerable, but enforcement remains difficult. The U.S. State Department's Office to Monitor and Combat Trafficking in Persons placed the country in "Tier 2 Watchlist" in 2017.[3]
^Kevin Filan (2007). The Haitian Vodou Handbook. Destiny Books. p. 14.
^Meade, Teresa. A History of Modern Latin America 1800 to the Present. Wiley-Blackwell. p. 65.
^"Trafficking in Persons Report 2017: Tier Placements". www.state.gov. Archived from the original on 2017-06-28. Retrieved 2017-12-01.
from slavery was actually a former French colony, Haiti, as a result of the Revolution of 1791–1804. The British abolitionist movement began in the late...
as Haiti's most prominent general. The revolution was the only slave uprising that led to the founding of a state which was both free from slavery (though...
and politically unstable, Haiti has the lowest Human Development Index in the Americas, as well as widespread slavery. Haiti (also earlier Hayti) comes...
August 1791, the Haitian Revolution began; it concluded in 1804 with the independence of Haiti. SlaveryinHaiti thus came to an end, and Haiti became the second...
in the spotlight”) every year on 23 May. Slaveryin the British and French Caribbean Slaveryin the United States SlaveryinHaiti Affranchi Race in France...
October 1806. United States and the Haitian Revolution Armée Indigène Armistice of March 30, 1798 End of slaveryinHaiti Copied from the article Declaration...
Contemporary slavery, also sometimes known as modern slavery or neo-slavery, refers to institutional slavery that continues to occur in present-day society...
The 1804 Haiti massacre, sometimes referred to as the Haitian genocide, was carried out by Afro-Haitian soldiers, mostly former slaves, under orders from...
have gained his freedom from slavery as a young man, before the slave uprising of 1791. Sometime after he had settled inHaiti, he brought his sister Marie...
The Haitian Revolution (1791-1804) and the subsequent emancipation of Haiti as an independent state provoked mixed reactions in the United States. Among...
Haiti is a majority Christian country. For much of its history and up to the present day, Haiti has been prevailingly a Christian country, primarily Roman...
revolution, Haiti was known as Saint-Domingue and was a colony of France. Napoleon Bonaparte gave up on Haitiin 1803, but reestablished slaveryin Guadeloupe...
recorded history of Haiti began in 1492, when the European captain and explorer Christopher Columbus landed on a large island in the region of the western...
Slaveryin the British and French Caribbean refers to slaveryin the parts of the Caribbean dominated by France or the British Empire. In the Caribbean...
Caribbean Slavery in medieval Europe Slaveryin the United States SlaveryinHaiti Affranchi Race in France Slavery museum (France) Jo Ann McNamara, John...
francs to be paid by Haitiin claims over property – including Haitian slaves – that was lost through the Haitian Revolution in return for diplomatic...
the French Revolution and Haitian Revolution, many gens de couleur were committed to maintaining the institution of slavery. They wanted political equality...
Christian views on slavery are varied regionally, historically and spiritually. Slaveryin various forms has been a part of the social environment for...
In the context of the history of slaveryin the Americas, free people of color (French: gens de couleur libres; Spanish: gente de color libre) were primarily...
for slavery is the application of the concept of reparations to victims of slavery and/or their descendants. There are concepts for reparations in legal...
Caribbean such as Cuba and Haiti. The Iroquois enslaved others in ways that “looked very like chattel slavery." Beginning in the 18th century, a series...
Congress "hostile to Haiti", and that he "acquiesced in southern policy, the embargo of trade and nonrecognition, the defense of slavery internally and the...
discussed the abolition of slavery and described the slave revolution inHaiti of 1791–1804 and the end of slaveryin the British Empire in 1833. It also allowed...
indigenous Haitians. Many other indigenous Haitians died from overwork and harsh treatment in the mines from slavery. Many Europeans who settled inHaiti were...
Haiti, because of their abolition of slavery. In late 1821 and early 1822, Haiti sent emissaries to the central and northern parts of Spanish Haiti to...
Slaveryin Britain existed before the Roman occupation and until the 11th century, when the Norman conquest of England resulted in the gradual merger of...