GlycoRNAs are small non-coding RNAs with sialylated glycans.
Glycans mediate inter- and intramolecular interactions by adding polysaccharide chains onto lipids and proteins. Similar to these other macromolecules, RNAs can undergo sialylation and bear glycan structures. Some examples include small nuclear (sn) RNAs, ribosomal (r) RNAs, small nucleolar (sno) RNAs, transfer (t) RNAs, and Y RNAs - the latter of which comprise the greatest percentage of glycosylated RNA species.[1]
Found primarily on the cell surface, these glycoRNAs can participate in the immune system and cell-to-cell communication.[2]
^Saygin D, Tabib T, Bittar HE, Valenzi E, Sembrat J, Chan SY, et al. (2022-09-09). "Transcriptional profiling of lung cell populations in idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension". Pulmonary Circulation. 10 (1): 124–131. doi:10.15212/bioi-2021-0032. PMC 7052475. PMID 32166015.
^Flynn RA, Pedram K, Malaker SA, Batista PJ, Smith BA, Johnson AG, et al. (June 2021). "Small RNAs are modified with N-glycans and displayed on the surface of living cells". Cell. 184 (12): 3109–3124.e22. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2021.04.023. PMC 9097497. PMID 34004145.
have speculated that the RNA-glycan linkage is likely not due to the direct glycosylation of RNA bases. The sensitivity of glycoRNA moieties to PNGase F,...
for the different types of RNA are listed and explained. List of cis-regulatory RNA elements RNA: Types of RNA Non-coding RNA Gribaldo S, Brochier-Armanet...
yielded effective results against influenza and meningococcus. In 2021 glycoRNAs were observed for the first time. Glycoconjugates at the U.S. National...
transcription, RNA polymerase transcribes a coding region of the DNA in a cell producing a sequence of RNA, specifically messenger RNA (mRNA). This mRNA sequence...
(AMP). Other processes regenerate ATP. It is also a precursor to DNA and RNA, and is used as a coenzyme. An average human adult processes around 50 kilograms...
deficiency – A hereditary disease that disrupts the pentose phosphate pathway RNA Thiamine deficiency Frank Dickens FRS Alfarouk KO, Ahmed SB, Elliott RL,...
et al. (January 2018). "Expression profile analysis of long non-coding RNAs involved in the metformin-inhibited gluconeogenesis of primary mouse hepatocytes"...
other sources, to form the purines that are used as the bases in DNA and RNA, as well as in ATP, AMP, GTP, NAD, FAD and CoA. The pyrimidines are partly...
to the variety of chemical reactions by which nucleic acids (DNA and/or RNA) are either synthesized or degraded. Nucleic acids are polymers (so-called...
Many viruses have an RNA genome, such as HIV, which uses reverse transcription to create a DNA template from its viral RNA genome. RNA in ribozymes such...
regardless of changes in the mRNA levels. Along with insulin glucose also have been shown to promote SREBP-1 activity and mRNA expression. Kersten S (April...
pathway is also achieved by controlling the rate of translation of the mRNA, degradation of reductase and phosphorylation. A number of drugs target the...
Moderna and Pfizer–BioNTech vaccines for SARS-CoV-2. Both RNA vaccines consist of messenger RNA, or mRNA, encased in a bubble of oily molecules called lipids...
regulator of lipolysis. FSP-27 expression is negatively correlated with ATGL mRNA levels. Lipolysis can be regulated through cAMP's binding and activation...
glycomics is derived from the chemical prefix for sweetness or a sugar, "glyco-", and was formed to follow the omics naming convention established by genomics...
Greek word γλυκύς "sweet tasting" (which is also related to the prefixes glyco- and gluco-, as in glycoprotein and glucose). In 1858, the French chemist...
and to date his work has resulted in the founding of multiple companies (GlycoFi, Inc., Adimab LLC, Arsanis, Inc., Alector [Nasdaq:ALEC], Avitide, Inc...
will dimerize and bind to the DNA promoters of the des gene and recruit RNA polymerase to begin transcription. Pseudomonas aeruginosa In general, both...
RNA. Complex molecules such as RNA must have emerged from relatively small molecules whose reactivity was governed by physico-chemical processes. RNA...
Piarulli, Francesco; Sartore, Giovanni; Lapolla, Annunziata (April 2013). "Glyco-oxidation and cardiovascular complications in type 2 diabetes: a clinical...
Gantt RW, Peltier-Pain P, Thorson JS (October 2011). "Enzymatic methods for glyco(diversification/randomization) of drugs and small molecules". Natural Product...
transmembrane domain allows the protein to express itself stably. Nef, glycoGag, and S2 viral proteins are located throughout HIV-1 virions that aid...
parvum, although passive immunization utilizing different zoite surface (glyco)proteins has shown promise. Developmental stages of the life cycle of the...
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