This image illustrates the three separate steps of hydrolysis involved in lipolysis. In the first step, triacylglycerol is hydrolyzed to make diacylglycerol and this is catalyzed by adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL). In the second step, diacylglycerol is hydrolyzed to make monoacylglycerol and this is catalyzed by hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL). In the last step, monoacylglycerol is hydrolyzed to make glycerol and this is catalyzed by monoacylglycerol lipase (MGL).Example of a triacylglycerol
Lipolysis/lɪˈpɒlɪsɪs/ is the metabolic pathway through which lipid triglycerides are hydrolyzed into a glycerol and free fatty acids. It is used to mobilize stored energy during fasting or exercise, and usually occurs in fat adipocytes. The most important regulatory hormone in lipolysis is insulin; lipolysis can only occur when insulin action falls to low levels, as occurs during fasting. Other hormones that affect lipolysis include leptin,[1] glucagon,[2] epinephrine, norepinephrine, growth hormone, atrial natriuretic peptide, brain natriuretic peptide, and cortisol.[3]
^Wang, May-Yun; Lee, Young; Unger, Roger H. (June 1999). "Novel Form of Lipolysis Induced by Leptin". Journal of Biological Chemistry. 274 (25): 17541–17544. doi:10.1074/jbc.274.25.17541. PMID 10364187.
^Duncan, Robin E.; Ahmadian, Maryam; Jaworski, Kathy; Sarkadi-Nagy, Eszter; Sul, Hei Sook (August 2007). "Regulation of Lipolysis in Adipocytes". Annual Review of Nutrition. 27 (1): 79–101. doi:10.1146/annurev.nutr.27.061406.093734. PMC 2885771. PMID 17313320.
^Nielsen, TS; Jessen, N; Jørgensen, JO; Møller, N; Lund, S (June 2014). "Dissecting adipose tissue lipolysis: molecular regulation and implications for metabolic disease". Journal of Molecular Endocrinology. 52 (3): R199–222. doi:10.1530/JME-13-0277. PMID 24577718.
in fat adipocytes. The most important regulatory hormone in lipolysis is insulin; lipolysis can only occur when insulin action falls to low levels, as...
Injection lipolysis is a controversial cosmetic procedure in which drug mixtures are injected into patients with the goal of destroying fat cells. This...
during digestion, and from injection lipolysis, which relies solely on injections marketed as causing lipolysis. Liposuction is a type of cosmetic surgery...
stored in adipocytes. The breakdown of this fat is known as lipolysis. The products of lipolysis, free fatty acids, are released into the bloodstream and...
PMID 25013540. Nanda S (May 2011). "Treatment of lipoma by injection lipolysis". Journal of Cutaneous and Aesthetic Surgery. 4 (2): 135–7. doi:10.4103/0974-2077...
Glucagon also regulates the rate of glucose production through lipolysis. Glucagon induces lipolysis in humans under conditions of insulin suppression (such...
lipolysis, as variations in diacylglycerol concentration impact enzymes in later stages of lipolysis. Defects in ATGL can cause problems in lipolysis...
PMID 25289270. Leclère FM, Moreno-Moraga J, Mordon S, et al. Laser-assisted lipolysis for cankle remodelling: a prospective study in 30 patients. Lasers Med...
protein synthesis, and increasing the breakdown of fats into fatty acids (lipolysis). All of these metabolic steps have the net effect of increasing blood...
small peptides and free amino acids, while the adipose tissue undergoes lipolysis to create free fatty acids. Salt and phosphates act as strong inhibitors...
There is actually no evidence at present that glucagon has any effect on lipolysis in white adipose tissue. Glucagon is now thought to act exclusively on...
The lipolysis reaction is greatly enhanced by the presence of an aqueous phase, so when oil is separated from water during processing, lipolysis slows...
Kuemmerle NB, Kinlaw WB, Swinnen JV, Smans K (2013). "Lipogenesis and lipolysis: The pathways exploited by the cancer cells to acquire fatty acids". Prog...
studies, albuterol increased lean body mass, reduced fat mass, and caused lipolysis; it has been studied for use as an anti-obesity and anti-muscle wasting...
from the loss of lactic acid, the enzymes in the molds responsible for lipolysis and proteolysis are more active and can continue to ferment the cheese...
decreased fat accumulation due to epinephrine/ norepinephrine then acting on lipolysis-inducing beta receptors. Males typically have more skeletal muscle mass...
Stimulation of fat breakdown in adipose tissue: The fatty acids released by lipolysis are used for production of energy in tissues like muscle, and the released...
triglycerides) from fatty acids; decrease of insulin causes the reverse. Decreased lipolysis in – forces reduction in conversion of fat cell lipid stores into blood...
of butyric acid in Hershey's chocolate, due to the use of controlled lipolysis in the production process, results in a flavor unfamiliar to those accustomed...
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