Glipizide information

Glipizide
Clinical data
Trade names	Glucotrol, Glucotrol XL, others
AHFS/Drugs.com	Monograph
MedlinePlus	a684060
License data	US DailyMed: Glipizide;
Pregnancy; category	AU: C; ;
Routes of; administration	By mouth
Drug class	Sulfonylurea
ATC code	A10BB07 (WHO) ;
Legal status
Legal status	UK: POM (Prescription only); US: ℞-only;
Pharmacokinetic data
Bioavailability	100% (regular formulation); 90% (extended release)
Protein binding	98 to 99%
Metabolism	Liver hydroxylation
Elimination half-life	2 to 5 hours
Excretion	Kidney and fecal
Identifiers
	IUPAC name N-(4-[N-(cyclohexylcarbamoyl)sulfamoyl]phenethyl)-5-methylpyrazine-2-carboxamide;
CAS Number	29094-61-9 ;
PubChem CID	3478;
IUPHAR/BPS	6821;
DrugBank	DB01067 ;
ChemSpider	3359 ;
UNII	X7WDT95N5C;
KEGG	D00335 ;
ChEBI	CHEBI:5384 ;
ChEMBL	ChEMBL1073 ;
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)	DTXSID0040676 ;
ECHA InfoCard	100.044.919
Chemical and physical data
Formula	C21H27N5O4S
Molar mass	445.54 g·mol−1
3D model (JSmol)	Interactive image;
Melting point	208 to 209 °C (406 to 408 °F)
	SMILES O=C(c1ncc(nc1)C)NCCc2ccc(cc2)S(=O)(=O)NC(=O)NC3CCCCC3;
	InChI InChI=1S/C21H27N5O4S/c1-15-13-24-19(14-23-15)20(27)22-12-11-16-7-9-18(10-8-16)31(29,30)26-21(28)25-17-5-3-2-4-6-17/h7-10,13-14,17H,2-6,11-12H2,1H3,(H,22,27)(H2,25,26,28) ; Key:ZJJXGWJIGJFDTL-UHFFFAOYSA-N ;
	(what is this?) (verify)

Glipizide, sold under the brand name Glucotrol among others, is an anti-diabetic medication of the sulfonylurea class used to treat type 2 diabetes.^[1]^[2] It is used together with a diabetic diet and exercise.^[1]^[2] It is not indicated for use by itself in type 1 diabetes.^[1]^[2] It is taken by mouth.^[1]^[2] Effects generally begin within half an hour and can last for up to a day.^[1]

Common side effects include nausea, diarrhea, low blood sugar, and headache.^[1] Other side effects include sleepiness, skin rash, and shakiness.^[3] The dose may need to be adjusted in those with liver or kidney disease.^[1] Use during pregnancy or breastfeeding is not recommended.^[3] It works by stimulating the pancreas to release insulin and increases tissue sensitivity to insulin.^[1]

Glipizide was approved for medical use in the United States in 1984.^[1] It is available as a generic medication.^[1] In 2021, it was the 48th most commonly prescribed medication in the United States, with more than 13 million prescriptions.^[4]^[5]

^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j "Glipizide Monograph for Professionals". Drugs.com. AHFS. Retrieved 24 December 2018.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Cite error: The named reference Glucotrol FDA label was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^ ^a ^b British national formulary : BNF 76 (76 ed.). Pharmaceutical Press. 2018. p. 693. ISBN 9780857113382.
^ "The Top 300 of 2021". ClinCalc. Archived from the original on 15 January 2024. Retrieved 14 January 2024.
^ "Glipizide - Drug Usage Statistics". ClinCalc. Retrieved 14 January 2024.

[AHFS2018-1] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j "Glipizide Monograph for Professionals". Drugs.com. AHFS. Retrieved 24 December 2018.

[Glucotrol_FDA_label-2] Cite error: The named reference Glucotrol FDA label was invoked but never defined (see the help page).

[BNF76-3] British national formulary : BNF 76 (76 ed.). Pharmaceutical Press. 2018. p. 693. ISBN 9780857113382.

[4] "The Top 300 of 2021". ClinCalc. Archived from the original on 15 January 2024. Retrieved 14 January 2024.

[5] "Glipizide - Drug Usage Statistics". ClinCalc. Retrieved 14 January 2024.

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