Class of depressant drugs derived from barbituric acid
Barbituric acid, the parent structure of all barbiturates
Barbiturates[a] are a class of depressant drugs that are chemically derived from barbituric acid.[2] They are effective when used medically as anxiolytics, hypnotics, and anticonvulsants, but have physical and psychological addiction potential as well as overdose potential among other possible adverse effects. They have been used recreationally for their anti-anxiety and sedative effects, and are thus controlled in most countries due to the risks associated with such use.
Barbiturates have largely been replaced by benzodiazepines and nonbenzodiazepines ("Z-drugs") in routine medical practice, particularly in the treatment of anxiety disorders and insomnia, because of the significantly lower risk of overdose, and the lack of an antidote for barbiturate overdose. Despite this, barbiturates are still in use for various purposes: in general anesthesia, epilepsy, treatment of acute migraines or cluster headaches, acute tension headaches, euthanasia, capital punishment, and assisted suicide.[3]
^Vaux, Bert and Scott Golder. 2003. The Harvard Dialect Survey Archived 30 April 2016 at the Wayback Machine. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Linguistics Department.
^Edward R. Garrett; Jacek T. Bojarski†; Gerald J. Yakatan (21 September 2006). "Kinetics of hydrolysis of barbituric acid derivatives". Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences. 60 (8): 1145–54. doi:10.1002/jps.2600600807. PMID 5127086.
^"DIGNITAS". Archived from the original on 9 October 2018. Retrieved 14 June 2011.
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Barbiturates are a class of depressant drugs that are chemically derived from barbituric acid. They are effective when used medically as anxiolytics, hypnotics...
Barbiturate overdose is poisoning due to excessive doses of barbiturates. Symptoms typically include difficulty thinking, poor coordination, decreased...
An induced coma – also known as a medically induced coma (MIC), barbiturate-induced coma, or drug-induced coma – is a temporary coma (a deep state of...
Barbiturate dependence develops with regular use of barbiturates. This in turn may lead to a need for increasing doses of the drug to get the original...
was the brand name of a discontinued combination drug composed of two barbiturate salts (secobarbital sodium and amobarbital sodium) in equal proportions...
atypical barbiturate. This compound can be either convulsant or anticonvulsant depending on which enantiomer is used. Diberal, unlike most barbiturates, can...
sold under the brand name Luminal among others, is a medication of the barbiturate type. It is recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO) for the...
thiopentone, or Trapanal (also a trademark), is a rapid-onset short-acting barbiturate general anesthetic. It is the thiobarbiturate analog of pentobarbital...
Pentobarbital (US) or pentobarbitone (British and Australian) is a short-acting barbiturate typically used as a sedative, a preanesthetic, and to control convulsions...
the practice of injecting one or more drugs into a person (typically a barbiturate, paralytic, and potassium solution) for the express purpose of causing...
odorless powder soluble in water. Barbituric acid is the parent compound of barbiturate drugs, although barbituric acid itself is not pharmacologically active...
convulsant barbiturate. Its mechanism of action is not fully understood. CHEB has uncommon action compared to other barbiturates. While other barbiturates such...
drug is known to be a stimulant. See also Antipsychotic controversy Barbiturates Amobarbital Benzylbutylbarbiturate Butalbital (Fioricet) Pentobarbital...
30 mg pentobarbital sodium (Nembutal); a substituted amphetamine and a barbiturate combined within the same pill. Desbutal was marketed as an antidepressant...
as described below, under the brand name Seconal) is a short-acting barbiturate derivative drug that was patented in 1934 in the United States. It possesses...
Primidone, sold under various brand names, is a barbiturate medication that is used to treat partial and generalized seizures and essential tremors. It...
Analeptics have recently been used to better understand the treatment of a barbiturate overdose. Through the use of agents, researchers were able to treat obtundation...
Talbutal (Lotusate) is a barbiturate with a short to intermediate duration of action. It is a structural isomer of butalbital. Talbutal is a schedule...
receptors in the brain and nervous system, similarly to benzodiazepines and barbiturates. When GABA activity is increased, blood pressure drops and breathing...
Butalbital is a barbiturate with an intermediate duration of action. Butalbital is often combined with other medications, such as paracetamol (acetaminophen)...
treatment of insomnia. Examples of somnifacients include benzodiazepines, barbiturates and antihistamines. Around 2-6% of adults with insomnia use somnifacients...
possible suicide pact. It was first assumed that the brothers had died of barbiturate withdrawal, but the final report excluded this (the original toxicological...
in overdose. However, barbiturates are still used in general anesthesia, for epilepsy, and for assisted suicide. Barbiturates are derivatives of barbituric...
health was in serious decline. Twice during the year he overdosed on barbiturates, spending three days in a coma in his hotel suite after the first incident...
intravenously to produce anesthesia or sedation, the most common are: Barbiturates Amobarbital (trade name: Amytal) Methohexital (trade name: Brevital)...
sulfate, to elevate mood and suppress appetite, whereas the concomitant barbiturate was included to broadly counteract potential adverse effects from dextroamphetamine...
(Valium) and alprazolam (Xanax), Z-drugs such as zolpidem (Ambien) and the barbiturate drugs. The GABAA receptors have historically been a target of drug treatment...
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