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Gene targeting information


A chimeric mouse gene targeted for the agouti coat color gene, with its offspring

Gene targeting is a biotechnological tool used to change the DNA sequence of an organism (hence it is a form of Genome Editing). It is based on the natural DNA-repair mechanism of Homology Directed Repair (HDR), including Homologous Recombination. Gene targeting can be used to make a range of sizes of DNA edits, from larger DNA edits such as inserting entire new genes into an organism, through to much smaller changes to the existing DNA such as a single base-pair change. Gene targeting relies on the presence of a repair template to introduce the user-defined edits to the DNA. The user (usually a scientist) will design the repair template to contain the desired edit, flanked by DNA sequence corresponding (homologous) to the region of DNA that the user wants to edit; hence the edit is targeted to a particular genomic region. In this way Gene Targeting is distinct from natural homology-directed repair, during which the ‘natural’ DNA repair template of the sister chromatid is used to repair broken DNA (the sister chromatid is the second copy of the gene). The alteration of DNA sequence in an organism can be useful in both a research context – for example to understand the biological role of a gene – and in biotechnology, for example to alter the traits of an organism (e.g. to improve crop plants).

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Gene targeting

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The two most established forms of gene editing are gene-targeting and targeted-mutagenesis. While gene targeting relies on the Homology Directed Repair...

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Genome editing

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well as reduced off target effects. This could be used for research purposes, by targeting mutations to specific genes, and in gene therapy. By inserting...

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Targeting

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Targeting may refer to: Gene targeting Protein targeting Behavioral targeting Targeted advertising Target market Geotargeting, in internet marketing Targeting...

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Gene

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word gene (Greek: γένος, génos; generation, or birth, or gender) has two meanings. The Mendelian gene is a basic unit of heredity. The molecular gene is...

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Gene knockout

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Gene knockouts (also known as gene deletion or gene inactivation) are a widely used genetic engineering technique that involves the targeted removal or...

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Homologous recombination

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Homologous recombination is also used in gene targeting, a technique for introducing genetic changes into target organisms. For their development of this...

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Gene delivery

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while having an increased ability to avoid degradation by target cell lysosomes. Gene targeting Minicircle Plasmid Transgene Vector (molecular biology)...

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Cyanidioschyzon

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exist for integration. To create a stable mutant line, gene targeting can be used to insert a gene of interest into a particular location of the C. merolae...

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Genetic engineering

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targeted to a specific location. The technique of gene targeting uses homologous recombination to make desired changes to a specific endogenous gene....

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Knockout moss

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moss's specific genes are deleted or inactivated ("knocked out"), for example by gene targeting or other methods. After the deletion of a gene, the knockout...

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CRISPR gene editing

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modulate gene expression by targeting dCas9-repressors or activators toward promoter or transcriptional start sites of target genes. For repressing genes Cas9...

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Gene silencing

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the virus family Caliciviridae, by targeting both its structural and non-structural genes. By targeting the NTPase gene, one dose of siRNA 4 hours pre-infection...

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Conditional gene knockout

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the role of individual genes in living organisms. It differs from traditional gene knockout because it targets specific genes at specific times rather...

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Immediate early gene

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of early and late genes. Silencing of IE gene expression through antisense oligonucleotides, RNA interference, and gene-targeting ribosomes have been...

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Genetic engineering techniques

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specimens. Early techniques randomly inserted the genes into the genome. Advances allow targeting specific locations, which reduces unintended side effects...

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Martin Evans

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mouse and the related technology of gene targeting, a method of using embryonic stem cells to create specific gene modifications in mice. In 2007, the...

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Oliver Smithies

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altering animal genomes than previously used, and the technique behind gene targeting and knockout mice. He received the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine...

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Gene therapy

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cell-specific targeting and subcellular trafficking control. Methods for non-viral gene therapy include the injection of naked DNA, electroporation, the gene gun...

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Mario Capecchi

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Talk: "The Birth of Gene Targeting" Mario R. Capecchi on Nobelprize.org including the Nobel Lecture on 7 December 2007 Gene Targeting 1977 - Present Eccles...

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Knockout mouse

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Creating Knockout Mice for Targeting Vector from Knockout Mice Research(KMR) – A website for ordering embryonic stem cells, targeting vectors and transgenic...

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Molecular oncology

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the development and application of molecularly targeted therapies. Molecular oncology has identified genes that are involved in the development of cancer...

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Burkitt lymphoma

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c-myc gene by one of three chromosomal translocations which place the myc gene under the control of an immunoglobulin gene enhancer. The MYC gene is found...

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Insulated neighborhood

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the loop to target genes outside the loop. Loops with CTCF and cohesin at the start and end of the loop that restrict enhancer-gene targeting are "insulated...

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Physcomitrella patens

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that an exogenous DNA sequence can be targeted to a specific genomic position (a technique called gene targeting) to create knockout mosses. This approach...

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Small interfering RNA

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RNA-induced gene activation" or RNAa. It has been shown that dsRNAs targeting gene promoters induce potent transcriptional activation of associated genes. RNAa...

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