A knockout mouse, or knock-out mouse, is a genetically modified mouse (Mus musculus) in which researchers have inactivated, or "knocked out", an existing gene by replacing it or disrupting it with an artificial piece of DNA. They are important animal models for studying the role of genes which have been sequenced but whose functions have not been determined. By causing a specific gene to be inactive in the mouse, and observing any differences from normal behaviour or physiology, researchers can infer its probable function.
Mice are currently the laboratory animal species most closely related to humans for which the knockout technique can easily be applied. They are widely used in knockout experiments, especially those investigating genetic questions that relate to human physiology. Gene knockout in rats is much harder and has only been possible since 2003.[1][2]
The first recorded knockout mouse was created by Mario R. Capecchi, Martin Evans, and Oliver Smithies in 1989, for which they were awarded the 2007 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine. Aspects of the technology for generating knockout mice, and the mice themselves have been patented in many countries by private companies.
^Pilcher HR (2003-05-19). "It's a knockout". Nature. doi:10.1038/news030512-17. Retrieved 2014-04-03.
^Zan Y, Haag JD, Chen KS, Shepel LA, Wigington D, Wang YR, Hu R, Lopez-Guajardo CC, Brose HL, Porter KI, Leonard RA, Hitt AA, Schommer SL, Elegbede AF, Gould MN (June 2003). "Production of knockout rats using ENU mutagenesis and a yeast-based screening assay". Nature Biotechnology. 21 (6): 645–51. doi:10.1038/nbt830. PMID 12754522. S2CID 32611710.
A knockoutmouse, or knock-out mouse, is a genetically modified mouse (Mus musculus) in which researchers have inactivated, or "knocked out", an existing...
A knockoutmouse is a genetically modified mouse that has had one or more of its genes made inoperable through a gene knockout. Experimental mouse model...
William; Rosen, Barry; et al. (2011). "A conditional knockout resource for the genome-wide study of mouse gene function". Nature. 474 (7351): 337–342. doi:10...
create knockout mice. With the aid of gene targeting, numerous mouse genes have been shut down, leading to the creation of hundreds of distinct mouse models...
Nude mouse SCID mouse NOG mouse NSG mouseMouse model of colorectal and intestinal cancer Mouse models of breast cancer metastasis Knockoutmouse Chuprin...
postdoctoral fellow Arthur T Sands. The company has used its patented mouse gene knockout technology and extensive in vivo screening capabilities to study...
reducing the cost of research and experiments. The most common type is the knockoutmouse, where the activity of a single (or in some cases multiple) genes are...
The International KnockoutMouse Consortium (IKMC) is a scientific endeavour to produce a collection of mouse embryonic stem cell lines that together...
that are unavailable in the mouse. Knockout rat models can also complement existing transgenic mouse models. Comparing mouse and rat mutants can facilitate...
disorder. A mutation in one gene (TMEM63B) was identified in a large knockoutmouse study as likely to result in disease in humans. In two patients, a small...
Capecchi and Oliver Smithies, for his work in the development of the knockoutmouse and the related technology of gene targeting, a method of using embryonic...
the production of a knockoutmouse. This is accomplished through the administration of one or more transgenes into a fertilized mouse oocyte’s pronucleus...
A nude mouse is a laboratory mouse from a strain with a genetic mutation that causes a deteriorated or absent thymus, resulting in an inhibited immune...
this holds in vivo over longer time periods is not clear. The ABCR -/- knockoutmouse has delayed dark adaptation but normal final rod threshold relative...
modeling. The National Institutes of Health (NIH) funds phase 2 of the KnockoutMouse Production and Phenotyping Project (KOMP2). Researchers link mutations...
ultimately lead to cancer due to the loss of function as a sensor. Runx3 null mouse gastric mucosa exhibits hyperplasia due to stimulated proliferation and...
International Mouse Phenotyping Consortium (IMPC) is an international scientific endeavour to create and characterize the phenotype of 20,000 knockoutmouse strains...
"Schneckenbecken dysplasia". In 2007, Hiraoka et al. created an SLC35D1-knockoutmouse model, said experiment revealed that while mice heterozygous for the...
activation by beta-endorphin in pons/medulla of the mu-opioid receptor knockoutmouse". Neuroscience. 115 (3): 715–721. doi:10.1016/s0306-4522(02)00486-4...
K, Surendran S, Tyring SK (2006). "Canavan disease: studies on the knockoutmouse". N-Acetylaspartate. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology....
phenotype. Foxp3 expression is not affected by loss of CD83 in a CD83 knockoutmouse. In contrast, CD83 seems important for peripheral Treg cell induction...
Additionally, a double (SHH-/- ) knockoutmouse model exhibited poor lung development. The lungs of the SHH double knockout failed to undergo lobation and...
Sanger Institute, the project uses knockout mice most of which were generated by the International KnockoutMouse Consortium. For each mutant line, groups...
Laussmann T, Flögel U, et al. (Apr 2004). "Adaptation of the myoglobin knockoutmouse to hypoxic stress". American Journal of Physiology. Regulatory, Integrative...
Global Information