Exonucleases are enzymes that work by cleaving nucleotides one at a time from the end (exo) of a polynucleotide chain. A hydrolyzing reaction that breaks phosphodiester bonds at either the 3′ or the 5′ end occurs. Its close relative is the endonuclease, which cleaves phosphodiester bonds in the middle (endo) of a polynucleotide chain. Eukaryotes and prokaryotes have three types of exonucleases involved in the normal turnover of mRNA: 5′ to 3′ exonuclease (Xrn1), which is a dependent decapping protein; 3′ to 5′ exonuclease, an independent protein; and poly(A)-specific 3′ to 5′ exonuclease.[1][2]
In both archaea and eukaryotes, one of the main routes of RNA degradation is performed by the multi-protein exosome complex, which consists largely of 3′ to 5′ exoribonucleases.
^Mukherjee D; et al. (2004). "Analysis of RNA Exonucleolytic Activities in Cellular Extracts". MRNA Processing and Metabolism. Methods in Molecular Biology. Vol. 257. pp. 193–211. doi:10.1385/1-59259-750-5:193. ISBN 978-1-59259-750-5. PMID 14770007.
^Pamela A. Frischmeyer; et al. (2002). "An mRNA Surveillance Mechanism That Eliminates Transcripts Lacking Termination Codons". Science. 295 (5563): 2258–61. Bibcode:2002Sci...295.2258F. doi:10.1126/science.1067338. PMID 11910109. S2CID 40843312.
Exonucleases are enzymes that work by cleaving nucleotides one at a time from the end (exo) of a polynucleotide chain. A hydrolyzing reaction that breaks...
Exonuclease I may refer to one of two enzymes: Phosphodiesterase I Exodeoxyribonuclease I This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the...
3'–5' exonuclease domain responsible for proofreading has been dramatically changed and is not functional. It has a functional 5'-3' exonuclease domain...
Exonuclease 5 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the EXO5 gene. The protein encoded by this gene is a single-stranded DNA (ssDNA)-specific exonuclease...
Exonuclease III (ExoIII) is an enzyme that belongs to the exonuclease family. ExoIII catalyzes the stepwise removal of mononucleotides from 3´-hydroxyl...
Exonuclease 1 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the EXO1 gene. This gene encodes a protein with 5' to 3' exonuclease activity as well as RNase...
recognized, DNA polymerase moves backwards by one base pair of DNA. The 3'–5' exonuclease activity of the enzyme allows the incorrect base pair to be excised (this...
Escherichia coli exonuclease VII, E. coli exonuclease VII, endodeoxyribonuclease VII, exodeoxyribonuclease VII) is a bacterial exonuclease enzyme. It is...
Venom exonuclease (EC 3.1.15.1, venom phosphodiesterase) is an enzyme. This enzyme catalyses the following chemical reaction Exonucleolytic cleavage in...
activity and the 3’ → 5’ exonuclease activity for removal of precoding nucleotides and proofreading, but loses its 5' → 3' exonuclease activity. The other...
Exodeoxyribonuclease III (EC 3.1.11.2, Escherichia coli exonuclease III, E. coli exonuclease III, endoribonuclease III) is an enzyme that catalyses the...
only at very specific nucleotide sequences. Endonucleases differ from exonucleases, which cleave the ends of recognition sequences instead of the middle...
fingers bind substrates (template DNA and nucleoside triphosphates). The exonuclease activity is in a separate protein domain. Mg2+ is a cofactor. The polymerase...
Exodeoxyribonuclease I (EC 3.1.11.1, Escherichia coli exonuclease I, E. coli exonuclease I, exonuclease I) is an enzyme that catalyses the following chemical...
components. The three required enzyme activities are: exonuclease, DNA polymerase, and DNA ligase. The exonuclease chews back DNA from the 5' end, thus not inhibiting...
prime repair exonuclease 1 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the TREX1 gene. This gene encodes the major 3'->5' DNA exonuclease in human cells...
Ribonuclease T (RNase T, exonuclease T, exo T) is a ribonuclease enzyme involved in the maturation of transfer RNA and ribosomal RNA in bacteria, as well...
family. It is the only RecQ Helicase that contains 3' to 5' exonuclease activity. These exonuclease activities include degradation of recessed 3' ends and...
research applications. The TaqMan probe principle relies on the 5´–3´ exonuclease activity of Taq polymerase to cleave a dual-labeled probe during hybridization...
a template strand A 3'→5' (reverse) exonuclease activity that mediates proofreading A 5'→3' (forward) exonuclease activity mediating nick translation...
polymerase possesses a 3’-5’ single and double stranded DNA exonuclease activity. This exonuclease activity is activated when a newly synthesized base does...
Nucleases that hydrolyse nucleotides from the ends of DNA strands are called exonucleases, while endonucleases cut within strands. The most frequently used nucleases...
detection abilities of the pore. The next proposed step is to bind an exonuclease onto the αHL pore. The enzyme would periodically cleave single bases...
strand to be excised as it goes. An exonuclease trails the complex and digests the ss-DNA tail. The exonuclease recruited is dependent on which side...
the host 5′-3′ exonuclease XRN1. The UTR contains PKS3 pseudoknot structure, which serves as a molecular signal to stall the exonuclease and is the only...
degraded. However, it is difficult to degrade C↓pC, C↓pG site. Mung bean exonuclease is a nuclease derived from mung beans that removes nucleotides in a step-wise...
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