Phenomenon that results in unusual rearrangement of chromosomes
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Chromosomal reciprocal translocation of the 4th and 20th chromosome.
In genetics, chromosome translocation is a phenomenon that results in unusual rearrangement of chromosomes. This includes balanced and unbalanced translocation, with two main types: reciprocal, and Robertsonian translocation. Reciprocal translocation is a chromosome abnormality caused by exchange of parts between non-homologous chromosomes. Two detached fragments of two different chromosomes are switched. Robertsonian translocation occurs when two non-homologous chromosomes get attached, meaning that given two healthy pairs of chromosomes, one of each pair "sticks" and blends together homogeneously.[1]
A gene fusion may be created when the translocation joins two otherwise-separated genes. It is detected on cytogenetics or a karyotype of affected cells. Translocations can be balanced (in an even exchange of material with no genetic information extra or missing, and ideally full functionality) or unbalanced (where the exchange of chromosome material is unequal resulting in extra or missing genes).[1][2]
^ ab"EuroGentest: Chromosome Translocations". www.eurogentest.org. Archived from the original on January 24, 2018. Retrieved March 29, 2019.
^"Can changes in the structure of chromosomes affect health and development?". Genetics Home Reference. National Library of Medicine. Retrieved July 15, 2020.
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people with AML; the types of chromosomal abnormalities often have prognostic significance. The chromosomaltranslocations encode abnormal fusion proteins...
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